T-Mobile is the FWA speed leader with a median download speed which is approximately double that of AT&T.
5G fixed wireless access (FWA) is a popular and growing broadband option in the U.S. with the top three U.S. FWA providers —T-Mobile, AT&T and Verizon — adding 1.04 million new subscribers in Q3 2025 bringing the total number of FWA customers to 14.7 million, which is slightly more than 12.5% of the 117.4 million U.S. households with broadband, according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2024 American Community Survey.
In Ookla’s March 2025 U.S. FWA report, we tracked download and upload speeds from Q1 2023 to Q4 2024 and found that overall FWA speeds were on the upswing over time with T-Mobile leading its peers in both median download and upload speeds.
According to recent Ookla Speedtest Intelligence® data, T-Mobile maintains its FWA leadership position with median download speed of 209.06 Mbps for Q3 2025, which is approximately double that of AT&T’s median download speed of 104.63 Mbps in the same quarter.
However, there was a noticeable decline in all three providers’ download and upload speeds during Q2 2025 and Q3 2025, which may be a seasonal pattern as we saw a similar decline in median upload speeds for all three operators in Q2 and Q3 2024 and a decline in download speeds for AT&T and Verizon in Q2 and Q3 2024. It’s also possible that this may be an early indication that strong uptake in FWA is starting to impact performance.
Key Takeaways
Speedtest users from all three U.S. FWA providers—T-Mobile, Verizon and AT&T—experienced declines in both their median download and upload speeds during Q2 2025 and Q3 2025.
T-Mobile is the FWA speed leader. T-Mobile’s median download speed of 209.06 Mbps in Q3 2025 is approximately double AT&T’s median download speed of 104.63 Mbps in the same quarter.
AT&T and T-Mobile customers in the 10th percentile of users are experiencing speed declines during peak hours in the late afternoon and evening. Verizon subscribers in the 10th percentile don’t have the same sorts of declines, indicating the operator’s enforcement of speed caps may be helping it deliver a more consistent experience to those customers.
AT&T Internet Air’s latency is higher than its peers but it’s improving. In Q3 AT&T’s median latency was 67 milliseconds (ms) compared to Verizon at 54 ms and T-Mobile at 50 ms. However, AT&T’s latency is improving every quarter from a high of 78 ms in Q3 2024.
Seasonal dip in speeds or network congestion?
Verizon, T-Mobile and AT&T all experienced a decline in median download speeds in Q2 and Q3 2025. T-Mobile’s median download speeds dipped from 221.65 Mbps in Q1 2025 to 209.06 Mbps in Q3 2025, Verizon’s declined from 167.30 Mbps in Q1 2025 to 137.81 Mbps in Q3 2025 and AT&T’s dropped from 114.34 Mbps to 104.363 Mbps over the same time period.
Ookla Speedtest data saw a similar trend for Verizon and AT&T during Q2 and Q3 2024. FWA users from both operators experienced a decline in median speeds during these two quarters but T-Mobile does not. Verizon Speedtest users experienced a decline in their median download speeds from 140.14 Mbps in Q1 2024 to 115.68 Mbps in Q3 2024 before bouncing back to 150.47 Mbps in Q4 2024.
AT&T Internet Air users also saw a decline from 141.28 Mbps in Q1 2024 to 130.13 Mbps in Q3 2024. However, unlike Verizon, AT&T’s median download speeds didn’t bounce back up. In fact, users of AT&T Internet Air service experienced a steady decline from Q1 2024 median download speeds of 141.28 Mbps to 104.63 Mbps in Q3 2025. AT&T doesn’t guarantee speeds for its Internet Air service but says that users can expect download speeds from 90 Mbps to 300 Mbps and upload speeds from 8 Mbps to 30 Mbps.
Upload speeds also declined with T-Mobile’s median upload speed dropping from 24.03 Mbps in Q1 2025 to 15.49 Mbps in Q3 2025. Likewise, Verizon’s median upload speed declined from 15.23 Mbps in Q1 2025 to 11.40 Mbps in Q3 2025 and AT&T’s dropped from 13.13 Mbps to 9.25 Mbps during the same time period.
It’s not clear that these fluctuations in speeds that we are seeing are due to seasonality or if it’s an indicator of network congestion.
The impact of foliage on FWA speeds is common knowledge among RF engineers. The signal loss typically occurs during the spring and summer months (Q2 and Q3) when deciduous trees are filled with dense leaves that can weaken FWA signals. While this phenomenon is more evident with FWA signals in higher bandwidth spectrum such as millimeter wave (mmWave), it also causes degradation in mid-band spectrum in areas with a lot of trees, such as suburban and urban neighborhoods with tree-lined streets.
However, network congestion could also be a factor. There have long been concerns from the investment community and others about traffic from FWA subscribers causing congestion and impacting the performance of both mobile and FWA customers because the same 5G spectrum is being used to deliver both services. We will continue to monitor the network speeds of FWA subscribers to see if this is an ongoing pattern.
A Comparison of AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon's FWA s Median Download and Upload Speeds
Q3 2023 through Q3 2025
A comparison of FWA providers median download and upload speed over time.
90th percentile showcases rise in AT&T’s download speeds
Although AT&T Internet Air’s median download speeds have declined over time from a high of 134.77 Mbps in Q2 2024 to a low of 104.83 Mbps, when we look at the experience of Speedtest users in the 90th percentile (those that get the best user experience) AT&T’s download speeds climb from 351.93 Mbps in Q2 2024 to 411.38 Mbps in Q3 2025.
We may see more improvements to AT&T’s Internet Air performance in the coming months. The company cut a deal with EchoStar to pay $23 billion to purchase a 20MHz swath of 600 MHz spectrum and a 30MHz chunk of 3.45 GHz spectrum licenses. Together the licenses cover 400 markets across the U.S. The deal isn’t expected to close until mid-2026, but AT&T said in mid-November that it has already outfitted 23,000 cell sites with gear that can use the 3.45 GHz spectrum and is expecting both its 5G mobile and Internet Air FWA customers to benefit from that additional spectrum quickly.
With AT&T’s acquisition of EchoStar’s spectrum the company is expected to be more aggressive in its expansion of the FWA service but its overall strategy hasn’t changed. During its Q3 2025 earnings call with investors company executives said they still consider FWA as a flexible broadband option that will be used to capture market share in areas where fiber is not yet available.
Like AT&T, T-Mobile’s 90th percentile users see their speeds increase dramatically from 402.49 Mbps in Q1 2024 to 482.36 Mbps in Q3 2025.
The 90th percentile data also shows that Verizon is still enforcing its FWA data speed caps at 300 Mbps for download speeds and 20 Mbps for upload speeds, which the operator spells out in its 5G Home broadband price plan disclosures. We first wrote about this in our March 2025 report.
T-Mobile and AT&T may not be enforcing data speed caps like Verizon, however both providers disclose in their Terms of Service that they will temporarily slow speeds during times of network congestion and it appears that they may be doing that during peak hours (see below).
U.S. 5G FWA 90th Percentile Download and Upload Speeds
Q3 2023 through Q3 2025
A comparison of FWA providers 90th percentile download and upload speed over time.
T-Mobile, AT&T FWA users see speed variations during the day
When looking at the download speeds of the 10th percentile of Speedtest users by hour of day in Q3 2025, we see that AT&T and T-Mobile customers, in particular, are experiencing speed declines during peak hours starting in the late afternoon and progressing through the evening with the lowest speed occurring between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m.
However, it’s interesting to note that Verizon’s 10th percentile Speedtest users are not experiencing the same speed variations during those peak hours. As part of its network management, Verizon caps its speeds at 300 Mbps download and 20 Mbps upload and this network optimization scheme may be allowing them to better allocate network resources so they can deliver a more consistent customer experience.
It’s also likely that some of the AT&T and T-Mobile speed declines that we see during the peak hours may be due to the operators temporarily reducing the speeds of their FWA users during periods of heavy network traffic.
U.S. 5G FWA Customer Download Speeds by Hour of Day
Q3 2025
10th percentile download speeds (Mbps)
AT&T’s latency is higher than peers
AT&T’s median multi-server latency is consistently higher than its peers. In Q3 AT&T’s median latency was 67 milliseconds (ms) compared to Verizon at 54 ms and T-Mobile at 50 ms. However, it appears that AT&T’s latency is improving every quarter from a high of 78 ms in Q3 2024. Latency is a key measurement for FWA subscribers and higher latency will impact real-time applications such as online gaming and video conferencing.
AT&T was a late entrant to the FWA space, having launched its Internet Air service in August 2023. The company says it only deploys the service in areas with enough wireless coverage and capacity to deliver FWA service without impacting its mobile service.
U.S. 5G FWA Median Multi-server Latency
Q3 2023 through Q3 2025
A comparison of FWA providers Median Latency over time.
Urban FWA users are more likely to receive 100/20 Mbps broadband speeds
A higher percentage of urban FWA users across all three providers are experiencing the FCC’s minimum standard for broadband of 100 Mbps download speed and 20 Mbps upload speed than rural FWA users. Ookla uses the Census Bureau’s urban-rural classification to determine which users are urban vs. rural.
We compared the percentage of urban vs. rural FWA users from each provider that experience speeds of 100/20 Mbps in Q3 2025 and found that 42% of T-Mobile’s urban FWA subscribers experience speeds of 100/20 Mbps compared to 26.9% of its rural FWA customers.
In addition, 25.7% of Verizon’s urban FWA subscribers experience the FCC’s minimum standard for broadband compared to 14.7% of its rural FWA customers.
AT&T also has more urban FWA subscribers experiencing the minimum broadband speeds with 21% compared to 16.7% of its rural customers.
It’s important to note that the lag in median upload speeds is the primary reason that FWA users are not meeting the FCC’s minimum standard for broadband service. As noted above, median upload speeds for all providers in Q3 2025 were below the 20 Mbps threshold.
The higher percentage of urban FWA users experiencing broadband speeds than rural users is likely due in part to urban users having closer proximity to cell sites than rural users. In cities FWA cell sites are much closer together due to the density of the population which means signals don’t have to travel as far to reach customers. In rural areas homes are more spread out and FWA signals have to travel farther which means the signal is degraded and speeds are slower.
The Percentage of Urban vs. Rural FWA Users that Experience the FCC's Minimum Standard for Broadband
Q2 2025 vs. Q3 2025
The percentage of FWA Speedtest users that are able to get the FCC's inimum standard of broadband of 100 Mbps download and 20 Mbps upload speeds in the U.S.
Upper C-band auction may supercharge FWA
While those 1.04 million FWA subscribers that the big three operators added in Q3 is up slightly over Q2 2025 when AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile added a total of 935,000 in the quarter, analysts at New Street Research predict a slight slowdown in FWA subscriber additions in 2026 to around 3.6 million for the year, down from the 3.7 million to 3.8 million that the U.S. has experienced over the past three years. New Street said it expects Verizon and T-Mobile’s subscriber additions to slow but AT&T’s will hold steady since it’s a newer entrant in the market.
This slowdown in subscriber additions will happen as fiber buildout accelerates and more fiber subscribers are added and as the total number of broadband households nears saturation.
Both T-Mobile and Verizon have increased their long-term FWA targets to 12 million customers by 2028 for T-Mobile and 8 million to 9 million FWA subscribers by 2028 for Verizon. However, New Street did note that the FCC’s proposed auction of the upper C-band spectrum could provide additional capacity for the mobile operators and result in another four million FWA subscribers beyond those original goals. That C-band spectrum auction isn’t expected to occur until 2027 so the impact of this new spectrum may still be several years away.
Besides the possible auction of upper C-band spectrum, there are other notable developments in the FWA space:
Verizon announced in October that it is purchasing fixed wireless ISP Starry, which currently delivers broadband to about 100,000 subscribers in multi-dwelling units (MDU) in five markets. The deal is expected to close in the first quarter of 2026. Verizon plans to integrate Starry’s mmWave technology with its own mmWave spectrum assets and leverage its fiber footprint for backhaul so it can deliver broadband to more MDU environments.
Besides AT&T’s acquisition of spectrum from EchoStar that was mentioned above, the company also received approval in early December from the FCC for its $1 billion purchase of 3.45 GHz mid-band and 700 MHz low-band licenses from UScellular. This additional 3.45 GHz spectrum is particularly valuable for 5G and FWA and will likely allow AT&T to expand its FWA service into new markets.
We expect U.S. operators to aggressively pursue the FWA market in the coming year and we will continue to monitor the FWA customer experience as these operators expand their offerings.
To find out more about Speedtest Intelligence® data and insights, visit our website.
Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.
Sue Marek is Ookla’s editorial director and part of the company’s analyst team. She oversees the company’s thought leadership and editorial content. Sue is a journalist with more than 30 years of experience covering the telecom industry and her work has appeared in Fierce Network, Light Reading, and SDxCentral. She is a frequent speaker at industry events and has moderated panels at Mobile World Las Vegas, Connect(x), the Consumer Electronics Show, the Competitive Carriers’ Show and 5G North America. Sue has a B.S. in journalism from the University of Colorado.
More than five years after the technology first hit Latin America’s shores, 5G is now floating through many of the region’s countries. In some leading areas, 5G speeds are rising and 5G signals abound.
But Latin America’s steps into a 5G future have been uneven. In some countries – like Brazil – the technology has managed to spread far and wide, and download speeds have reached impressive milestones. Users’ satisfaction often tracks with these improvements. In other countries – like Mexico – the rollout of 5G has been a stutter-step affair, with some operators making progress while others fall behind. And in some countries, like Peru, 5G remains in its early days.
Still, there are some hints that advanced 5G services are now making their way into the Latin American region. 5G Standalone (SA) connections are beginning to pop up. 5G private wireless networks are multiplying. And 5G fixed wireless access (FWA) is paving a way for mobile network operators to move beyond the smartphone opportunity among consumers.
Key takeaways:
Brazil shows clear leadership in many 5G metrics. The country’s median 5G speeds reached 430.83 Mbps in the third quarter of 2025, according to Ookla Speedtest® data, the highest in the region. And 38.5% of the country’s 5G users spent a majority of their time connected to 5G networks, placing Brazil third in this metric, behind Uruguay and Puerto Rico (an unincorporated territory of the United States considered part of Latin America).
Not surprisingly, spectrum contributes directly to operators’ 5G performance. 5G providers with 100 MHz of spectrum in the 3.5 GHz band – such as Personal Argentina, Claro Brasil, and Vivo Brasil – generally offer 5G speeds above 300 Mbps.
There are some signals that more advanced technologies are on their way. In the third quarter of 2025, 5G SA connections showed up in Brazil (1.6% of all 5G connections) and Puerto Rico (41.1% of all 5G connections). Moreover, FWA is now available to a growing number of customers in countries like Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and elsewhere. And 5G private wireless networks are beginning to pop up too.
The tangled history of 5G and Latin America
Uruguay’s state-owned operator Antel, along with vendor Nokia, claimed the first 5G network in Latin America in 2019, using short-range millimeter wave spectrum. The move reflected Uruguay’s ambition to be a technological leader in the region. At just 68,037 square miles, Uruguay is one of the smallest countries in Latin America, making extensive 5G networks there somewhat easier to deploy, at least from a geographic coverage perspective.
But Uruguay’s 5G efforts since then have been somewhat symbolic of the region’s wider struggles to deploy speedy 5G connections on a widespread basis. In 2025 – more than five years after its first foray into 5G – Antel deployed a total of 500 5G cell sites, each with 100 MHz worth of midband 3.5 GHz spectrum. This kind of spectrum supports the speedy, widespread connections often associated with 5G. It was released to Antel in 2023.
Perhaps Latin America’s biggest 5G launch came a year after Antel’s first 5G announcement, in 2020, when Brazil’s three big mobile network operators launched 5G with Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) technology. Like Antel in Uruguay, this launch too was mostly symbolic, considering DSS allows 5G signals to piggyback on existing 4G LTE spectrum. It generally doesn’t support the snappy speeds available through fat chunks of midband spectrum. Brazil’s real 5G inflection point occurred the following year, in 2021, when the country’s regulator released wide swathes of midband 3.5 GHz spectrum to operators.
Some of Mexico’s operators also stepped into 5G around this same time. For example, AT&T Mexico launched 5G services in the 2.5 GHz band in 2021. And América Móvil’s Telcel used its existing 3.5 GHz holdings for a 5G launch in 2022, eventually expanding the service to 125 cities and 10 million subscribers by 2025.
These launches helped unlock a wave of spectrum auction activity in other leading Latin American countries like Argentina and Colombia in 2023. Other markets continue to trail, however. For example, Costa Rica completed its own 3.5 GHz auction at the beginning of 2025, while Peru wrapped up its 3.5 GHz auction in September 2025.
Speedy connections, if you can get them
The results of all this 5G activity are now clear:
5G Speeds Across Latin America
Speedtest Intelligence | Q3 2025
Brazil’s performance was good enough to place it fourth globally in the latest issue of the Speedtest Global IndexTM for mobile performance, behind only the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Kuwait.
But commercial 5G launches don’t necessarily equate to widespread 5G connections. Ookla’s Speedtest Intelligence tracks 5G availability, which measures the percentage of 5G active users connected to 5G a majority of the time, based on when a 5G icon is displayed on their device.
Here’s how leading Latin American counties shake out in this ranking:
5G Availability Across Latin America
Speedtest Intelligence | Q3 2025
To put this into perspective, Canada’s overall 5G availability rating clocked in at 73.2% in the third quarter of 2025, while the U.S. sat at 75.2%.
These results are also noteworthy given the relative popularity of fiber networks in Latin American countries like Peru and Chile. Fiber typically supplies the internet piping that powers high-speed 5G cell sites.
To be clear, these broad 5G results in Latin America are due to a confluence of factors. First, operators must get access to suitable spectrum. For 5G, that typically involves large blocks of midband spectrum between 2.5 GHz and 4 GHz. Then, they must invest into the equipment and cell towers necessary to broadcast 5G signals across their spectrum license territories.
And then, of course, they must also sell enough 5G devices and service plans to make that investment worthwhile.
Measuring the importance of spectrum
Spectrum is often described as the “lifeblood” of the wireless industry, and certainly it’s a critical starting block to any successful 5G offering. In Latin America, it’s clear that some regulators not only share this view but have also put it into action.
For example, Brazil’s 2021 spectrum auction was notable in its scale. Major operators in the country – América Móvil’s Claro, TIM Brasil, and Telefônica Brasil’s Vivo – each acquired massive spectrum blocks (100 MHz per operator). Those fat chunks of spectrum – coupled with the speed that Brazil’s regulator, Anatel, free up the spectrum for commercial use – are main reasons why Brazil tops Speedtest charts for the Latin American region.
Other countries have made various efforts at matching Brazil’s lead. For example, Chile, Colombia, Argentina, and Peru have all aligned on the 3.5 GHz band for 5G. Specifically, Colombia’s 2023 auction released four blocks of spectrum in the 3.5 GHz band – each of them 80 MHz wide – to each of the country’s four operators. And Argentina’s 2023 auction released 100 MHz blocks to América Móvil’s Claro and Personal in the 3.3–3.6 GHz range.
This symmetry in spectrum and timing helps ensure economies of scale for 5G equipment across the region, particularly for operators with systems in multiple countries.
Broadly, these spectrum allocations – particularly the breadth of spectrum allocated to each operator – track directly to network performance:
Another important factor in this discussion of spectrum is the manner by which regulators free up spectrum for 5G operators. For example, Brazil’s 2021 auction wasn’t solely designed to funnel auction revenues into government coffers. Instead, Brazilian telecom regulator Anatel allowed auction winners to pay for a portion of their licenses through investment obligations. Meaning, operators can pay for their spectrum by deploying it. Regulators in other countries like Peru have employed a similar strategy, waiving a portion of operators’ annual spectrum fees for 5G deployments in rural or unserved areas.
Meanwhile, Mexico’s approach to spectrum allocation may stand as a cautionary tale. According to the GSMA, Mexico’s spectrum costs are established every year by the country’s Congress, and “this yearly approval process creates uncertainty, as it is impossible for mobile operators to anticipate how these fees will evolve,” the trade association wrote. Indeed, Telefónica’s Movistar in Mexico returned its spectrum holdings to regulators in 2022 in order to become an MVNO on AT&T Mexico’s network. More recently, Mexico’s telecom regulator cancelled a spectrum auction due to a lack of resources.
Broadly, the average amount of spectrum assigned to mobile network operators in Latin American countries increased by 51% between 2016 and 2024, from 267 MHz to 403 MHz, according to the GSMA. But that’s significantly less than the global average, which was 574 MHz in 2024.
Nonetheless, the situation is still developing. According to the GSMA, Paraguay and Peru were among the handful of countries that held spectrum auctions in the third quarter of 2025. And Bolivia, Ecuador, and Colombia are among the countries that have scheduled additional spectrum auctions in the future.
Of course, once regulators release spectrum, operators must then put it into action.
5G shows faster speeds, and faster speeds satisfy
América Móvil is Latin America’s regional 5G behemoth. But the company’s overall capital expenses (capex) have been slowing in recent years following significant spending on spectrum and network infrastructure. Specifically, América Móvil’s capex outlay reached $8.6 billion in 2023, but fell to $7 billion last year. For 2025, the company is on track to spend $6.7 billion.
That slowdown in spending coincides with Telefonica’s exit from many Latin American markets with 5G, due to its plans to focus on its “core” markets in Europe and Brazil.
Millicom, meanwhile, is the company positioned to replace Telefónica as the region’s second-largest telecom operator. Millicom invests over $1 billion annually in its fixed and mobile networks, according to one detailed report on the company’s operations. But that doesn’t necessarily mean Millicom plans to inject 5G into its growing Latin American mobile footprint. Millicom officials have suggested an emphasis on fiber and 4G, deploying 5G only at “the best time.”
There’s also the question of what 5G equipment operators ought to spend all their capex on. Here emerges the Huawei question: Should Latin American operators heed U.S. cybersecurity warnings about the use of gear from Chinese suppliers like Huawei? Many have not.
Despite intense political debate on the topic, Brazil did not ban Huawei as part of its early 5G auctions. Consequently, Huawei supplies significant portions of the 5G radio access network (RAN) for the country’s three big operators. Operators in Peru and Mexico also use equipment from Chinese vendors.
But Huawei doesn’t have a lock on the Latin American market. For example, Sweden’s Ericsson is the sole 5G supplier for Entel Chile. In Argentina, Telefónica’s Movistar selected Ericsson for its network modernization to 5G-ready standards. And América Móvil’s Claro in Colombia and Argentina, and TIM Brasil, selected Finland’s Nokia for broad 5G deployments.
Regardless, once operators pay for the equipment to put 5G to work, they often have some clear progress to show:
And faster speeds can also be traced to customers’ satisfaction. Speedtest Intelligence data in Mexico shows a correlation between swift connections and happy subscribers.
Still, offering faster speeds is just a first step. Operators must also package 5G connections in a way that’s attractive to potential customers. Here too there are signs of forward progress. For example, América Móvil’s Telcel in Mexico promotes 5G to its prepaid users – a nod to the fact that more than 80% of Mexican mobile users subscribe to prepaid plans. And América Móvil’s Claro in Brazil touts the speed of its 5G network in support of its deal with OpenAI to offer ChatGPT to its mobile customers.
As a result of such efforts, GSMA Intelligence predicts 5G will spread to 50% of all Latin American mobile connections by 2030, or 410 million people. That’s just below the 57% global average expected by the firm in that year.
SA, private wireless and FWA hint at the future
The “Non-Standalone” (NSA) version of 5G was released first, and it has been widely adopted on a global basis. However, the “Standalone,” or SA, iteration of 5G is sometimes referred to as the “true” version of 5G. That’s partly because 5G SA doesn’t rely on a 4G core network like the “Non-Standalone” (NSA) version of 5G does. SA also supports advanced services such as network slicing (a technology that can funnel select types of user traffic into speedier pipes).
In Latin America’s shift to SA, Brazil is a standout. According to Speedtest data, roughly 1.6% of all 5G samples in Brazil used 5G SA technology in the third quarter of 2025. Only Puerto Rico ranked higher, with 41.1% of 5G samples using 5G SA technology. That’s likely thanks to T-Mobile’s network in the country; T-Mobile made an early move to 5G SA technology throughout its U.S. operations.
According to GSMA Intelligence, Argentina, Colombia, and Costa Rica are the other Latin American countries with commercial SA networks. But those connections are not yet showing up in Speedtest sample sizes that are statistically relevant.
That said, FWA may be a more tangible service that hints at a future enabled by 5G technology. Fixed wireless allows 5G operators (those with suitable spectrum holdings and FWA-capable equipment) to provide broadband connections into users’ homes and offices. FWA can serve as an alternative to wired connections in remote or rural areas – or as a competitive response to other fixed internet providers.
GSMA Intelligence counts roughly a dozen Latin American countries with FWA services.
Again, Brazil looks the standout here. For example, Claro in Brazil launched its 5G+ FWA offering in 2023 with speeds up to 1 Gbps. The company’s plans cap customers’ monthly usage starting at 200 GB per month. Similarly, Telefônica Brasil’s Vivo launched its Box 5G in 2024 with a 150 GB per month cap.
And Brisanet, a regional challenger in Brazil, is aggressively pursuing 5G FWA with larger data caps. The company counted 37,000 FWA customers in its most recent quarter.
Other Latin American countries are seeing similar FWA outcroppings. América Móvil’s Claro in Colombia launched FWA in 2024 with a 160 GB monthly cap. In Mexico, AT&T’s Internet en Casa offers speeds of around 10 Mbps. And Personal in Argentina counts around 50,000 FWA users.
Yet another signal of the maturation of 5G in Latin America is the arrival of 5G private wireless networks, which can be used by enterprises for applications ranging from autonomous mining to oil refining to industrial manufacturing. These kinds of operations are increasingly popping up in countries including Brazil and Chile.
Regardless, the advancement of FWA, as well as 5G SA, private wireless networks, and other advanced technologies, show that some Latin American denizens are seeing the promise of 5G. This can be attributed to efficient and forward-looking regulators, significant financial commitments by some operators, and a desire among users for ever-faster connections.
But 5G is still in its early days across the full Latin American region, with many countries still lagging significantly in broad 5G rollouts. Spectrum costs – such as those in Mexico – contribute. So too do regulatory delays, such as those that have slowed spectrum auctions in places like Colombia. And that all can affect operator interest in 5G, as seen by Millicom’s intention to continue to leverage 4G until the time for 5G rolls around.
5G en América Latina: focos de evolución
Algunos países de la región muestran claros avances en 5G, mientras que otros aún no han logrado un gran progreso.
Más de cinco años después de que la tecnología llegara por primera vez a las costas de América Latina, el 5G está ahora presente en muchos países de la región. En algunas áreas líderes, las velocidades 5G están aumentando y las señales 5G abundan.
Pero los pasos de América Latina hacia un futuro 5G han sido desiguales. En algunos países, como Brasil, la tecnología ha logrado extenderse a lo largo y ancho de la geografía, y las velocidades de descarga han alcanzado hitos impresionantes. La satisfacción de los usuarios a menudo va a la par de estas mejoras. En otros países, como México, el despliegue del 5G ha sido un proceso a trompicones, con algunos operadores avanzando mientras que otros se quedan atrás. Y en países como Perú, el 5G sigue en sus primeras etapas.
Aun así, hay indicios de que los servicios avanzados de 5G están llegando a la región latinoamericana. Las conexiones 5G Standalone (SA) están comenzando a aparecer. Las redes privadas inalámbricas 5G se están multiplicando. Y el acceso inalámbrico fijo (FWA) 5G está abriendo un camino para que los operadores de redes móviles vayan más allá de la oportunidad del smartphone entre los consumidores.
Conclusiones clave:
Brasil muestra un claro liderazgo en muchas métricas de 5G. La velocidad mediana de 5G del país alcanzó los 430.83 Mbps en el tercer trimestre de 2025; según datos de Ookla Speedtest®, la más alta de la región. Y el 38.5% de los usuarios de 5G del país pasaron la mayor parte de su tiempo conectados a redes 5G, lo que sitúa a Brasil en tercer lugar en esta métrica, detrás de Uruguay y Puerto Rico.
Como era de esperar, el espectro contribuye directamente al rendimiento 5G de los operadores. Los proveedores de 5G con 100 MHz de espectro en la banda de 3.5 GHz, como Personal Argentina, Claro Brasil y Vivo Brasil, generalmente ofrecen velocidades 5G superiores a 300 Mbps.
Hay algunas señales de que tecnologías más avanzadas están en camino. En el tercer trimestre de 2025, las conexiones 5G SA aparecieron en Brasil (1.6% de todas las conexiones 5G) y Puerto Rico (41.1% de todas las conexiones 5G). Además, el FWA está ahora disponible para un número creciente de clientes en países como Brasil, Colombia, México y otros. Y las redes privadas inalámbricas 5G también están empezando a surgir.
La intrincada historia del 5G y América Latina
El operador estatal de Uruguay, Antel, junto con el proveedor Nokia, desplegó la primera red 5G en América Latina en 2019, utilizando espectro de onda milimétrica de corto alcance. La medida reflejó la ambición de Uruguay de ser un líder tecnológico en la región. Con solo 68,037 millas cuadradas, Uruguay es uno de los países más pequeños de América Latina, lo que hace que las redes 5G extensas sean algo más fáciles de implementar allí, al menos desde una perspectiva de cobertura geográfica.
Pero los esfuerzos de 5G de Uruguay desde entonces han sido algo simbólicos de las luchas más amplias de la región para desplegar conexiones 5G rápidas de forma generalizada. En 2025, más de cinco años después de su primera incursión en el 5G, Antel desplegó un total de 500 emplazamientos celulares 5G, cada uno con 100 MHz de espectro de banda media de 3.5 GHz. Este tipo de espectro es compatible con las conexiones rápidas y generalizadas a menudo asociadas con el 5G. Fue liberado a Antel en 2023.
Quizás el mayor lanzamiento de 5G en América Latina se produjo un año después del primer anuncio de 5G de Antel, en 2020, cuando los tres grandes operadores de redes móviles de Brasil lanzaron 5G con tecnología Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS). Al igual que Antel en Uruguay, este lanzamiento también fue en su mayoría simbólico, considerando que el DSS permite que las señales 5G se monten en el espectro 4G LTE existente. Generalmente no es compatible con las velocidades rápidas disponibles a través de grandes porciones de espectro de banda media. El verdadero punto de inflexión del 5G en Brasil ocurrió al año siguiente, en 2021, cuando el regulador del país liberó amplias franjas de espectro de banda media de 3.5 GHz a los operadores.
Algunos de los operadores de México también se adentraron en el 5G en esta misma época. Por ejemplo, AT&T México lanzó servicios 5G en la banda de 2.5 GHz en 2021. Y Telcel de América Móvil utilizó sus tenencias existentes de 3.5 GHz para un lanzamiento de 5G en 2022, expandiendo finalmente el servicio a 125 ciudades y 10 millones de suscriptores para 2025.
Estos lanzamientos ayudaron a desbloquear una ola de actividad de subastas de espectro en otros países líderes de América Latina como Argentina y Colombia en 2023. Sin embargo, otros mercados continúan a la zaga. Por ejemplo, Costa Rica completó su propia subasta de 3.5 GHz a principios de 2025, mientras que Perú concluyó su subasta de 3.5 GHz en septiembre de 2025.
Conexiones rápidas, si las puedes conseguir
Los resultados de toda esta actividad 5G son ahora claros:
Velocidades 5G en toda Latinoamérica
Speedtest Intelligence | Q3 2025
El rendimiento de Brasil fue lo suficientemente bueno como para situar al país en cuarto lugar a nivel mundial en la última edición del Speedtest Global IndexTM en rendimiento móvil, solo por detrás de Emiratos Árabes Unidos, Catar y Kuwait.
Pero los lanzamientos comerciales de 5G no equivalen necesariamente a conexiones 5G generalizadas. Speedtest Intelligence de Ookla rastrea la disponibilidad de 5G, que mide el porcentaje de usuarios activos de 5G conectados a 5G la mayor parte del tiempo, basándose en el momento en que se muestra un icono de 5G en su dispositivo.
Así es como se clasifican los principales países de América Latina en este ranking:
Disponibilidad 5G en toda Latinoamérica
Speedtest Intelligence | Q3 2025
Para poner esto en perspectiva, la calificación general de disponibilidad de 5G de Canadá se situó en el 73.2% en el tercer trimestre de 2025, mientras que la de EE. UU. se situó en el 75.2%.
Estos resultados también son dignos de mención dada la popularidad relativa de las redes de fibra en países latinoamericanos como Perú y Chile. La fibra generalmente suministra la tubería de internet que alimenta los emplazamientos celulares 5G de alta velocidad.
Para ser claros, estos amplios resultados de 5G en América Latina se deben a una confluencia de factores. Primero, los operadores deben obtener acceso a un espectro adecuado. Para el 5G, generalmente implica grandes bloques de espectro de banda media entre 2.5 GHz y 4 GHz. Además, deben invertir en el equipo y las torres celulares necesarios para transmitir señales 5G a través de sus territorios de licencia de espectro.
Y luego, por supuesto, también deben vender suficientes dispositivos y planes de servicio 5G para que esa inversión valga la pena.
Midiendo la importancia del espectro
El espectro a menudo se describe como el “alma” de la industria inalámbrica y, ciertamente, es un bloque de partida crítico para cualquier oferta 5G exitosa. En América Latina, está claro que algunos reguladores no solo comparten esta opinión, sino que también la han puesto en acción.
Por ejemplo, la subasta de espectro de Brasil de 2021 fue notable en su escala. Los principales operadores del país —Claro de América Móvil, TIM Brasil y Vivo de Telefônica Brasil— adquirieron cada uno bloques masivos de espectro (100 MHz por operador). Esas grandes porciones de espectro, junto con la velocidad con la que el regulador de Brasil, Anatel, liberó el espectro para uso comercial, son las principales razones por las que Brasil encabeza las listas de Speedtest para la región latinoamericana.
Otros países han realizado diversos esfuerzos para igualar el liderazgo de Brasil. Por ejemplo, Chile, Colombia, Argentina y Perú se han alineado en la banda de 3.5 GHz para 5G. Específicamente, la subasta de Colombia de 2023 liberó cuatro bloques de espectro en la banda de 3.5 GHz —cada uno de 80 MHz de ancho— a cada uno de los cuatro operadores del país. Y la subasta de Argentina de 2023 liberó bloques de 100 MHz a Claro de América Móvil y Personal en el rango de 3.3 a 3.6 GHz.
Esta simetría en el espectro y el momento ayuda a garantizar economías de escala para los equipos 5G en toda la región, particularmente para los operadores con sistemas en múltiples países.
En términos generales, estas asignaciones de espectro, particularmente la amplitud del espectro asignado a cada operador, se correlacionan directamente con el rendimiento de la red:
Otro factor importante en esta discusión sobre el espectro es la forma en que los reguladores liberan el espectro para los operadores de 5G. Por ejemplo, la subasta de Brasil de 2021 no fue diseñada únicamente para canalizar los ingresos de la subasta a las arcas del gobierno. En cambio, el regulador de telecomunicaciones brasileño, Anatel, permitió a los ganadores de la subasta pagar una parte de sus licencias a través de obligaciones de inversión. Es decir, los operadores pueden pagar su espectro desplegándolo. Los reguladores de otros países como Perú han empleado una estrategia similar, eximiendo una parte de las tarifas anuales de espectro de los operadores para despliegues de 5G en zonas rurales o no atendidas.
Mientras tanto, el enfoque de México para la asignación de espectro puede ser una advertencia. Según la GSMA, los costos del espectro de México son establecidos cada año por el Congreso del país, y “este proceso de aprobación anual crea incertidumbre, ya que es imposible para los operadores móviles anticipar cómo evolucionarán estas tarifas”, escribió la asociación comercial. De hecho, Movistar de Telefónica en México devolvió sus tenencias de espectro a los reguladores en 2022 para convertirse en un MVNO en la red de AT&T México. Más recientemente, el regulador de telecomunicaciones de México canceló una subasta de espectro debido a la falta de recursos.
En términos generales, la cantidad promedio de espectro asignado a los operadores de redes móviles en los países latinoamericanos aumentó en un 51% entre 2016 y 2024, de 267 MHz a 403 MHz, según la GSMA. Pero eso es significativamente menor que el promedio mundial, que fue de 574 MHz en 2024.
No obstante, la situación sigue desarrollándose. Según la GSMA, Paraguay y Perú se encontraban entre el puñado de países que celebraron subastas de espectro en el tercer trimestre de 2025. Y Bolivia, Ecuador y Colombia se encuentran entre los países que han programado subastas de espectro adicionales en el futuro.
Por supuesto, una vez que los reguladores liberan el espectro, los operadores deben ponerlo en acción.
El 5G muestra velocidades más rápidas, y velocidades más rápidas son satisfactorias
América Móvil es el gigante regional de 5G de América Latina. Pero los gastos de capital (capex) generales de la compañía se han ralentizado en los últimos años después de un gasto significativo en espectro e infraestructura de red. Específicamente, el capex de América Móvil alcanzó los 8.6 mil millones de dólares en 2023, pero cayó a 7 mil millones el año pasado de dólares. Para 2025, la compañía va en camino de gastar 6.7 mil millones de dólares.
Esa desaceleración en el gasto coincide con la salida de Telefónica de muchos mercados latinoamericanos con 5G, debido a sus planes de centrarse en sus mercados “centrales” en Europa y Brasil.
Millicom, mientras tanto, es la empresa posicionada para reemplazar a Telefónica como el segundo operador de telecomunicaciones más grande de la región. Millicom invierte más de mil millones de dólares anualmente en sus redes fijas y móviles, según un informe detallado sobre las operaciones de la compañía. Pero eso no significa necesariamente que Millicom planee inyectar 5G en su creciente huella móvil latinoamericana. Los funcionarios de Millicom han sugerido un énfasis en la fibra y el 4G, desplegando 5G sólo en “el mejor momento”.
También existe la cuestión de en qué equipos 5G deberían gastar los operadores todo su capex. Aquí surge la pregunta de Huawei: ¿deberían los operadores latinoamericanos prestar atención a las advertencias de ciberseguridad de EE. UU. sobre el uso de equipos de proveedores chinos como Huawei? Muchos no lo han hecho.
A pesar del intenso debate político sobre el tema, Brasil no prohibió a Huawei como parte de sus primeras subastas de 5G. En consecuencia, Huawei suministra porciones significativas de la red de acceso de radio (RAN) 5G para los tres grandes operadores del país. Los operadores de Perú y México también utilizan equipos de proveedores chinos.
Pero Huawei no tiene el control total del mercado latinoamericano. Por ejemplo, la sueca Ericsson es el único proveedor de 5G para Entel Chile. En Argentina, Movistar de Telefónica seleccionó a Ericsson para su modernización de red a estándares listos para 5G. Y Claro de América Móvil en Colombia y Argentina, y TIM Brasil, seleccionaron a Nokia de Finlandia para amplios despliegues de 5G.
En cualquier caso, una vez que los operadores pagan por el equipo para poner el 5G a trabajar, a menudo tienen un progreso claro que mostrar:
Y las velocidades más rápidas también se pueden relacionar con la satisfacción de los clientes. Los datos de Speedtest Intelligence en México muestran una correlación entre las conexiones rápidas y los suscriptores contentos.
Aun así, ofrecer velocidades más rápidas es sólo un primer paso. Los operadores también deben empaquetar las conexiones 5G de una manera que sea atractiva para los clientes potenciales. Aquí también hay señales de progreso. Por ejemplo, Telcel de América Móvil en México promueve el 5G a sus usuarios de prepago, un guiño al hecho de que más del 80% de los usuarios móviles mexicanos se suscriben a planes de prepago. Y Claro de América Móvil en Brasil promociona la velocidad de su red 5G en apoyo de su acuerdo con OpenAI para ofrecer ChatGPT a sus clientes móviles.
Como resultado de tales esfuerzos, GSMA Intelligence predice que el 5G se extenderá al 50% de todas las conexiones móviles latinoamericanas para 2030, o 410 millones de personas. Eso está justo por debajo del promedio mundial del 57% esperado por la firma en ese año.
SA, redes privadas y FWA insinúan el futuro
La versión “No Autónoma” (Non-Standalone, NSA) de 5G se lanzó primero y ha sido ampliamente adoptada a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, la iteración “Autónoma”, o SA, de 5G a veces se denomina la versión “verdadera” de 5G. Eso se debe en parte a que 5G SA no se basa en una red central 4G como lo hace la versión “No Autónoma” (NSA) de 5G. SA también es compatible con servicios avanzados como el network slicing (una tecnología que puede canalizar tipos selectos de tráfico de usuarios a canales más rápidos).
En la transición de América Latina a SA, Brasil es un caso destacado. Según los datos de Speedtest, aproximadamente el 1.6% de todas las muestras de 5G en Brasil utilizaron tecnología 5G SA en el tercer trimestre de 2025. Solo Puerto Rico ocupó un lugar más alto, con un 41.1% de las muestras de 5G utilizando tecnología 5G SA. Es probable que esto se deba a la red de T-Mobile en el país; T-Mobile hizo un movimiento temprano hacia la tecnología 5G SA en todas sus operaciones en EE. UU.
Según GSMA Intelligence, Argentina, Colombia y Costa Rica son los otros países latinoamericanos con redes SA comerciales. Pero esas conexiones aún no aparecen en tamaños de muestra de Speedtest que sean estadísticamente relevantes.
Dicho esto, el FWA puede ser un servicio más tangible que insinúa un futuro habilitado por la tecnología 5G. El fixed wireless o acceso inalámbrico fijo permite a los operadores de 5G (aquellos con tenencias de espectro adecuadas y equipos compatibles con FWA) proporcionar conexiones de banda ancha a los hogares y oficinas de los usuarios. El FWA puede servir como una alternativa a las conexiones por cable en áreas remotas o rurales, o como una respuesta competitiva a otros proveedores de internet fijo.
GSMA Intelligence cuenta aproximadamente una docena de países latinoamericanos con servicios FWA.
Una vez más, Brasil parece ser el destacado aquí. Por ejemplo, Claro en Brasil lanzó su oferta 5G+ FWA en 2023 con velocidades de hasta 1 Gbps. Los planes de la compañía limitan el uso mensual de los clientes a partir de 200 GB por mes. De manera similar, Vivo de Telefônica Brasil lanzó su Box 5G en 2024 con un límite de 150 GB por mes.
Y Brisanet, un retador regional en Brasil, está buscando agresivamente 5G FWA con límites de datos más grandes. La compañía contó con 37.000 clientes FWA en su trimestre más reciente.
Otros países latinoamericanos están experimentando afloramientos de FWA similares. Claro de América Móvil en Colombia lanzó FWA en 2024 con un límite mensual de 160 GB. En México, Internet en Casa de AT&T ofrece velocidades de alrededor de 10 Mbps. Y Personal en Argentina cuenta con alrededor de 50.000 usuarios de FWA.
Otra señal de la maduración del 5G en América Latina es la llegada de las redes inalámbricas privadas 5G, que pueden ser utilizadas por empresas para aplicaciones que van desde la minería autónoma hasta el refinado de petróleo y la fabricación industrial. Este tipo de operaciones están apareciendo cada vez más en países como Brasil y Chile.
En cualquier caso, el avance del FWA, así como el del 5G SA, las redes inalámbricas privadas y otras tecnologías avanzadas, muestran que algunos habitantes de América Latina están viendo la promesa del 5G. Esto se puede atribuir a reguladores eficientes y con visión de futuro, compromisos financieros significativos por parte de algunos operadores y un deseo entre los usuarios de conexiones cada vez más rápidas.
Pero el 5G todavía está en sus primeras etapas en toda la región, con muchos países aún rezagados significativamente en los amplios despliegues de 5G. Los costos del espectro, como los de México, contribuyen. También lo hacen los retrasos regulatorios, como los que han ralentizado las subastas de espectro en lugares como Colombia. Y todo eso puede afectar al interés de los operadores en el 5G, como se ve en la intención de Millicom de seguir aprovechando el 4G hasta que llegue el momento del 5G.
Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.
Mike Dano is a Lead Industry Analyst in Ookla’s research and content team. He covers the North and South American markets, and global technology trends. Previously, Mike was a journalist covering the global telecom industry for 25 years at publications including RCR Wireless News, Fierce Network and Light Reading.
Fortified with additional spectrum from EchoStar, AT&T is battling Comcast and other internet providers in Houston with its fixed wireless access (FWA) service.
Like Verizon and T-Mobile, AT&T is now putting more emphasis onto its FWA business. As part of that effort, AT&T agreed in August to purchase $23 billion worth of spectrum from EchoStar, including an average of 30 MHz of nationwide 3.45 GHz midband spectrum.
And AT&T can activate that spectrum relatively quickly – the operator can add EchoStar’s spectrum into its network through a software upgrade to its existing 5G equipment.
AT&T’s FWA strategy is crystalizing in Houston, Texas, where AT&T also operates an extensive fiber network. AT&T’s efforts there may pose a competitive threat to other fixed internet operators in the Houston market, including Xfinity provider Comcast, Ezee Fiber, and others.
Key takeaways:
Houston is a prime battleground for cable, fiber, and FWA. According to Ookla Speedtest Intelligence® data, AT&T’s median FWA download speed in Houston was 106.40 Mbps in September 2025, and its median upload speed during that period was 7.41 Mbps. That’s slower than the fiber offerings from AT&T and the cable offerings from Comcast in the city.
AT&T’s midband spectrum holdings (C-band and 3.45 GHz) in Houston stand to grow from 120 MHz to 150 MHz, a 25% increase, thanks to the addition of EchoStar’s 3.45 GHz spectrum licenses. More spectrum typically results in additional network capacity and faster speeds.
AT&T is using FWA to expand beyond the reaches of its fiber network in Houston, thereby competing with other fixed internet providers in Houston suburbs like Conroe and League City.
AT&T has reignited its FWA business
AT&T is no stranger to FWA. In 2015, AT&T agreed to offer internet connections in 1.1 million rural locations across 18 states as part of the U.S. government’s CAF II program. AT&T used 4G LTE-based FWA to reach some of those locations, offering speeds of at least 10 Mbps down and 1 Mbps up (which met the FCC’s broadband benchmarks at that time).
More recently, AT&T has re-engaged with FWA in a significant way via its 5G network. The company launched its 5G-powered Internet Air FWA product in August 2023, and has seen significant customer growth since.
AT&T Quarterly FWA Net Customer Additions
Operator reports | 2023-2025
However, AT&T has not pursued the FWA market as aggressively as its rivals. AT&T in the second quarter of 2025 passed the 1 million FWA customer milestone, while T-Mobile counted around 7.3 million FWA customers and Verizon said it had around 5.1 million FWA customers. Importantly, FWA speeds across all three providers have been increasing, according to Ookla findings.
Collectively, the FWA services from AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon have had a major impact on cable operators in the U.S. T-Mobile, Verizon, and AT&T added a combined 3.7 million FWA customers during 2024, while the nation’s top cable companies collectively lost roughly 1 million broadband subscribers.
AT&T officials have said the operator plans to use FWA in three situations:
Outside of AT&T’s fiber footprint, thereby extending the reach of its converged fixed wireless / smartphone service.
Inside its legacy copper network footprint. AT&T is working to decommission its copper network, and it will offer fixed wireless services to customers who will not receive a fiber alternative.
In its planned fiber footprint. AT&T currently covers around 30 million U.S. locations with fiber, but it hopes to expand that to a total of 60 million locations by the end of 2030. The company plans to use FWA as an interim anchor while it builds fiber to those remaining locations.
That overall strategy aligns with AT&T’s efforts to sign up customers to multiple services – those customers are the most valuable, according to AT&T, in that they have the lowest churn profiles and highest lifetime values. In the third quarter of 2025, AT&T said that more than 41% of its fiber customers also subscribed to its mobile service, and more than half of its Internet Air FWA subscribers also subscribed to AT&T’s mobile service.
Houston is an FWA battleground
Sunit Patel, the CFO of U.S. cell tower operator Crown Castle, described Houston as an ideal location for fixed wireless services, particularly at the boundary between suburban and rural areas. “That’s usually … a good area where fixed wireless will work well,” he said at a recent investor conference.
Houston is also one of the fastest growing cities in the U.S., making it a prime market for internet service providers on the hunt for more customers. According to Rice University’s Kinder Institute for Urban Research, the Houston metro area added over 1.5 million new residents between 2010 and 2023, second only to the Dallas-Fort Worth metro area in terms of overall growth. During that same time period, the Chicago metro area lost about 210,000 residents, Los Angeles’ population dipped by about 40,000 people, and the New York metro area added about 580,000 residents.
According to Speedtest Intelligence, AT&T’s FWA median download speeds trail those of fiber and cable providers in Houston. AT&T Internet Air median download speeds reached 106.40 Mbps in September, while its median upload speeds hit 7.42 Mbps. Meanwhile, Comcast’s median cable download speeds in Houston clocked in at 292.81 Mbps and its median upload speeds were 41.49 Mbps in September (Comcast has been working to improve its upload speeds in Houston and elsewhere, according to recent Ookla findings). AT&T’s median fiber download speeds in the city were 366.56 Mbps and its median upload speeds were 306.90 Mbps. And Ezee Fiber’s median download speeds reached 545.39 Mbps and its median upload speeds were 464.46 Mbps. It’s worth noting that many internet service providers offer different tiers of service, with faster plans available at a higher price.
According to Speedtest Insights®, AT&T’s fixed wireless business is spread throughout the greater Houston metro area:
This is likely due to the inherent limits of FWA on a 5G network. FWA is deployed in areas with excess 5G network capacity to prevent overloading. Dense accumulations of FWA customers might overload portions of that 5G network, affecting both FWA and smartphone customers.
This is much different from a fiber network design, which typically has plenty of capacity. As a result, fiber operators tend to load as many customers as possible onto their networks, regardless of user density. The more, the better. After all, each foot of an underground fiber network costs a median of $18.25 to build, according to the Fiber Broadband Association.
AT&T’s deployment of FWA on the fringes of its fiber network can be seen in Houston suburbs like Conroe and League City, according to Speedtest Insights. These are cities where AT&T’s fiber network does not fully reach – but where it is offering FWA connections. They are also locations where other providers – including Comcast, Ezee Fiber, and others – currently offer internet connections.
AT&T can leverage EchoStar’s spectrum to expand its FWA business
Although 5G operators can use any spectrum band for FWA, midband spectrum like 3.45 GHz (used by AT&T), C-band (used by AT&T, Verizon, and T-Mobile), and 2.5 GHz (used by T-Mobile) form the backbone of today’s 5G-powered FWA services in the U.S. Such spectrum is considered appropriate for covering wide geographic areas as well as providing speedy, high-capacity connections.
AT&T has been slowly growing its midband spectrum holdings. The operator spent around $23.4 billion in the FCC’s C-band auction in 2021. A year later, the operator bought $9 billion worth of 3.45 GHz spectrum in another FCC auction.
Now, AT&T plans to acquire more midband 3.45 GHz spectrum – and 20 MHz of lowband 600 MHz spectrum – from EchoStar, in a deal that still requires regulatory approval. AT&T currently doesn’t use 600 MHz spectrum in its network, which means the company will need to install new hardware on its cell towers in order to deploy that spectrum.
However, AT&T will be able to quickly add EchoStar’s 3.45 GHz spectrum to its existing network via a software upgrade. Meaning, AT&T won’t need to update each of its cell towers with new hardware – an expensive and time-consuming process – in order to put EchoStar’s 3.45 GHz spectrum licenses into use. AT&T officials said that, via a spectrum-leasing agreement with EchoStar, AT&T can add EchoStar’s midband spectrum to AT&T cell sites covering nearly two-thirds of the U.S. population by mid-November 2025.
Since network speeds and capacity are directly related to the amount of spectrum an operator has, the financial analysts at New Street Research estimate that EchoStar’s spectrum will allow AT&T’s network to support an additional 900,000 consumer FWA subscribers on a nationwide basis.
In Houston, AT&T stands to gain 30 MHz worth of EchoStar’s 3.45 GHz spectrum licenses, according to Spectrum Omega. That spectrum would be added to the 80 MHz of C-band and 40 MHz of 3.45 GHz spectrum that AT&T already owns in the market, giving it a total of 150 MHz of midband spectrum in Houston.
According to recent Ookla RootMetrics® drive test data from Houston, AT&T has been leaning heavily on its C-band and 3.45 GHz holdings to supply 5G connections to its smartphone customers in Houston.
AT&T Spectrum Band Utilization Percentages
RootMetrics® Houston drive test results | 2H 2025
Spectrum “depth” is another way to measure AT&T’s spectrum usage. The amount of spectrum in use in an operator’s network often directly relates to the speeds that operator can provide. AT&T used 120 MHz of midband spectrum (C-band and 3.45 GHz, via two-carrier aggregation) in 37.3% of RootMetrics’ tests in Houston in the second half of 2025. The operator used 80 MHz of midband spectrum (C-band) in another 46% of tests. This indicates that AT&T still has some additional spectrum to put into action inside its network for its smartphone and FWA customers.
Fiber, cable and FWA can be applied to the digital divide
A final element in a review of the greater Houston area involves the locations that are still not yet covered by the likes of AT&T, Comcast and others. For decades, various U.S. government programs have sought to bridge this digital divide in Texas and elsewhere.
For example, AT&T’s participation in the FCC’s CAF II program included almost 180,000 locations in rural parts of Texas. Similarly, Charter Communications pledged to cover a wide swath of East Texas via the FCC’s Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (RDOF) rural broadband program.
Today, the Texas Broadband Development Office (BDO) rates most of the counties immediately in and around Houston as 90-100% served by broadband. But counties that are further afield rank lower. For example, Liberty County (just east of Conroe) is listed as 66.4% served by broadband. The FCC’s broadband benchmark was changed to 100 Mbps downloads and 20 Mbps uploads in 2024.
The U.S. government’s newest broadband funding program, the Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program (BEAD), was recently reworked to put more focus on technologies like fixed wireless and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. That’s because those technologies are often cheaper and faster to deploy than fiber.
Texas’ BEAD funding map highlights areas around Houston that the state aims to cover with broadband. The state recently allocated around half of its $1.3 billion in BEAD grants to fiber providers, with the remainder split relatively evenly between fixed wireless and satellite providers. AT&T received $32 million in grants to cover 6,651 locations in Texas with fiber. Comcast didn’t receive any BEAD grants for Texas.
On a nationwide basis, AT&T has so far received $718.8 million in BEAD grants to cover 141,900 rural locations with broadband. AT&T intends to use fiber to meet those obligations. Comcast, meanwhile, has received $1.36 billion in grants to cover 226,900 rural locations across the U.S. with broadband. Comcast has pledged to meet around 69% of its BEAD obligations with fiber, and the remainder with cable.
According to the financial analysts at New Street Research, U.S. state regulators have so far allocated just 9% of BEAD grants to fixed wireless providers. The bulk (85%) of grants were awarded to fiber operators. Satellite providers like SpaceX and Amazon received 4% of the funding, while cable operators received 2%.
Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.
Mike Dano is a Lead Industry Analyst in Ookla’s research and content team. He covers the North and South American markets, and global technology trends. Previously, Mike was a journalist covering the global telecom industry for 25 years at publications including RCR Wireless News, Fierce Network and Light Reading.
The operator’s purchase of Starry will give it an additional 100k FWA subscribers and its high-capacity mmWave technology.
Verizon is adding more muscle to its fixed wireless access (FWA) game with the purchase of fixed wireless ISP Starry, which currently delivers broadband services to about 100,000 subscribers in multi-dwelling units (MDUs) in five markets: Boston, Denver, Los Angeles, New York/New Jersey, and Washington, D.C./Virginia. Verizon didn’t disclose how much it will pay for Starry but said the deal will close in the first quarter of 2026.
Key Takeaways:
Verizon said it plans to integrate Starry’s mmWave technology with its own mmWave spectrum assets and leverage its fiber footprint for backhaul so it can deliver broadband to more MDU environments.
Ookla’s Speedtest® data shows that Starry has nearly doubled its median download speeds in its markets from 102.74 Mbps in Q1 2022 to 202.25 Mbps in Q2 2025.
Starry’s median download speeds of 202.25 Mbps in Q2 2025 are higher than Verizon’s FWA median download speeds of 149.21 Mbps in Q2 2025. Verizon’s FWA subscribers currently are primarily a mix of consumer and enterprise customers.
Starry users in New Jersey (which is part of the company’s New York metro market area) get the highest median download speeds of 251.18 Mbps.
Starry’s Tumultuous History
Like a lot of wireless upstarts, Starry had aspirations to become a major broadband provider when it launched as a fixed wireless ISP in 2016. The company uses a proprietary near-line-of-sight technology with base stations that cover a radius of about 1.5 kilometers and its system operates on shared spectrum licenses in the 37.1, 37.3 and 37.5 GHz mmWave bands. It also acquired 104 licenses in the 24 GHz band that cover 51 partial economic areas.
Industry analyst Roger Entner, founder of Recon Analytics, recently wrote in this Light Reading post, that the main value Verizon is getting from this acquisition is in Starry’s “sophisticated technology stack” that uses a rooftop base station to broadcast a signal to multiple building-mounted receivers, allowing a single base station to serve dozens of buildings. In addition, Entner noted that Starry’s technology is also cost-efficient, built upon modified 802.11ac/ax standards that takes advantage of the Wi-Fi chipset ecosystem.
Starry’s short history is quite colorful. The company briefly went public through a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) in March 2022 but ended up filing for bankruptcy less than a year later. It re-emerged in August 2023 as a privately held company.
During its brief time as a public company in 2022 it said that it had around 90,000 customers. In addition, it indicated that its combined spectrum licenses made it possible for the company to cover more than 40 million homes with its technology.
Despite its aspirations, Starry was never able to scale its services beyond those initial five markets because of its limited resources. Starry currently offers three tiered broadband plans to customers — A 200 Mbps plan for $30 per month, a 500 Mbps plan for $55 per month and a 1 Gbps plan for $75 per month. Verizon also offers three tiered broadband plans for its FWA service — a 300 Mbps plan for $50 per month, a 500 Mbps plan for $60 per month, and a 1 Gbps plan for $75 per month.
Based upon Ookla’s Speedtest data, Starry’s median download speeds have been on the uptick, increasing from 102.74 Mbps in Q1 2022 to 202.25 Mbps in Q2 2025. This number is higher than Verizon’s FWA median download speeds. In a previous Ookla report on fixed wireless access we measured Verizon’s median download speeds rising 12% from 132.55 Mbps in Q4 2023 to 150.47 Mbps in Q4 2024. A recent check on Verizon’s FWA speeds show the company’s download speeds haven’t changed much with a median download speed of 149.21 Mbps in Q2 2025.
Starry's Median Download and 75th Percentile Download Speeds
Q1 2022 through Q2 2025
Starry's median download and 75th percentile speeds over time.
Starry says on its web site that its most popular plan is the $55 per month plan, which offers speeds up to 500 Mbps. When looking at the performance of users in the 75th percentile, we can see that the users who are most likely on the higher tiers saw their speeds increase over time as well.
Verizon’s MDU Plans Just Got a Little Boost
Verizon was already planning to target the MDU market with FWA prior to its acquisition of Starry. The company said in its third quarter 2024 earnings call with investors that it was going to target MDUs with a new solution that would deliver up to 1 Gbps speeds and use mmWave spectrum. This new solution was expected to debut commercially this year.
Joe Russo, Verizon’s EVP and president of global networks and technology, said when announcing Verizon’s intent to acquire Starry that this deal will allow the company to “accelerate” its FWA capabilities. He also praised the company’s technology, noting that the architecture is less expensive to build and quicker to deploy and will allow Verizon to leverage its existing fiber and mmWave assets.
Speedtest data, which compiled Starry data at the state level in markets where the company is doing business, showed that Starry users in New Jersey, which is part of Starry’s New York metropolitan market, are getting the highest median download speeds of 251.08 Mbps compared to those in Massachusetts, which are getting median download speeds of 184.96 Mbps.
Starry Per-Market Median Download Speeds
Q1 2025
Median download speed for each Starry market in Q1 2025.
The Starry acquisition will add another 100,000 subscribers to Verizon’s FWA subscriber base. However, Verizon didn’t increase its existing FWA subscriber goals beyond its existing goal of 8 million to 9 million by 2028, instead it said it will allow it to “accelerate” its efforts to reach that goal.
Verizon’s planned purchase of Starry indicates the company is still committed to pursuing the MDU space and using its mmWave spectrum. It will be interesting to see if the operator can overcome some of the challenges Starry experienced when it comes to cost-effectively expanding to more markets.
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Sue Marek is Ookla’s editorial director and part of the company’s analyst team. She oversees the company’s thought leadership and editorial content. Sue is a journalist with more than 30 years of experience covering the telecom industry and her work has appeared in Fierce Network, Light Reading, and SDxCentral. She is a frequent speaker at industry events and has moderated panels at Mobile World Las Vegas, Connect(x), the Consumer Electronics Show, the Competitive Carriers’ Show and 5G North America. Sue has a B.S. in journalism from the University of Colorado.