| January 26, 2026

Building a Global Benchmark: Introducing the WBA Wi-Fi Design Standard

Wi-Fi is now the default utility for connectivity in our homes, offices, factories, public spaces, and industrial environments. Yet, despite the ubiquity of connectivity, the end-user experience remains surprisingly inconsistent. We’ve all experienced the frustration of coverage gaps, “sticky” clients, or sudden drops in performance, even when using modern networks and devices.

As Wi-Fi deployments increasingly incorporate the 6 GHz spectrum and evolve toward Wi-Fi 7, network design and operation have grown more complex. Inconsistent deployments across operators and vendors are leading to fragmented design and performance outcomes that affect everyone—from the network engineer to the end-user.

As an industry leader with a commitment to measure, understand, and help improve connected experiences, Ookla proposed the formation of a Wireless Broadband Alliance (WBA)-led working group to develop a Wi-Fi Design Standard, helping bridge a critical gap between theoretical Wi-Fi standards and the realities of real-world deployment and user experience.

While standards bodies like the IEEE define the protocols (e.g., 802.11ax/be) and the Wi-Fi Alliance certifies interoperability, until now there has been no globally recognized standard for both the design and deployment of these networks. This void has led to the fragmentation described above, where inconsistent design practices result in unpredictable performance, even on the latest hardware.

That gap is what the WBA Wi-Fi Design Standard is intended to address. The initiative provides the industry with a vendor-neutral framework that defines what “good” connectivity looks like—quantifiable through rigorous KPIs and metrics. This work represents a natural evolution of Ookla’s mission to measure and improve global connectivity, building on the foundations established through Speedtest Certified™ and the WBA’s previous deployment guidelines.

The Challenge: Moving Beyond Fragmentation

While Wi-Fi technology itself is standardized, the way it is deployed is not. In practice, “fragmentation” shows up as different design assumptions, planning methods, and performance targets across operators, vendors, and industry verticals. As a result, similar environments can be built and evaluated in very different ways, with inconsistent outcomes.

This lack of uniformity creates significant challenges:

  • Operators struggle to deliver predictable quality assurance.
  • Enterprises face increasing complexity in dense environments.
  • End-users experience inconsistent performance, even with high-end devices.

At the same time, several industry trends are accelerating the need for standardization. The adoption of Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7, the convergence of fixed and mobile architectures, the shift toward QoE-driven operations, and the growth of managed Wi-Fi services all demand more consistent, repeatable design and validation practices. These trends expose a clear opportunity for a global Wi-Fi Design Standard that unifies best practices, defines measurable KPIs, and supports reliable, multi-vendor deployments at scale.

Our Objective: A Unified Global Standard

The WBA Wi-Fi Design Standard project, led by Ookla, is focused on defining a clear, vendor-neutral framework for how Wi-Fi networks should be planned, deployed, and evaluated in real-world environments.

The goal is not to replace existing protocol standards, but to complement them by establishing consistent design and validation expectations that help translate theoretical capability into predictable, real-world performance.

Building on the WBA’s earlier deployment guidelines, this initiative evolves those principles into a formal, measurable standard aligned with modern Wi-Fi 6, 6E, and Wi-Fi 7 networks. By grounding design guidance in practical, testable outcomes, the standard aims to give the industry a shared reference for how networks should be designed and assessed across different environments and use cases, not just how they perform in theory or under ideal conditions.

Key areas of focus will include:

  •  End-to-End Coverage: Addressing every phase from site survey, to design, installation, and operation.
  • Performance Metrics: Defining minimum and relevant KPIs for RF performance, backhaul capacity, and Quality of Experience (QoE) including latency, jitter, throughput, roaming, and ISP backhaul capacity.
  • Vertical Specific Models: Tailoring guidance for diverse environments such as residential, enterprise, public venues, industrial IoT, and smart campuses.
  • RF & Capacity Planning: Guidelines for Access Point (AP) and antenna placement, density, and interference management to ensure consistent coverage.
  • Next-Gen Configuration: Offers critical guidance on 6 GHz spectrum adoption, multi-band steering strategies, and roaming configurations to prevent device disconnects.
  • Security Enforcement: Best practices for deploying WPA3 and handling Transition Modes to ensure security doesn’t come at the cost of connectivity.

Why a Common Wi-Fi Design Standard Matters

This project is not about producing another static document; it’s about creating a shared design framework the industry can rely on when planning, deploying, and validating Wi-Fi networks. While it is easy to define RF design targets or collect large volumes of performance metrics, it is far more difficult to align on which design decisions and KPIs truly influence real-world user experience.

“Wi-Fi design has long been treated as an art rather than a discipline, driven by individual experience and trial-and-error. That approach no longer scales. As part of the WBA’s mission to improve global broadband experiences through collaboration and shared standards, a globally aligned Wi-Fi design standard is essential to move beyond fragmentation and enable multiple stakeholders to engage. This will help deliver consistent, measurable performance, predictable Quality of Experience, and deployments that meet real-world operational and business requirements.” – Bruno Tomás, CTO of the Wireless Broadband Alliance (WBA)

A common framework helps reduce guesswork, improve consistency, and set clearer expectations across roles and environments. Those benefits show up in different ways across the Wi-Fi ecosystem.

For Network Designers and Surveyors:

  • Eliminate Guesswork: By establishing industry-aligned principles for planning and site surveys, designers can rely on a proven framework rather than subjective “rules of thumb.”
  • Standardized Validation: Surveyors will have a clear set of global metrics to test against, making it easier to validate designs and prove that a network meets performance expectations.

For Operators and Managed Service Providers (MSPs):

  • Enforceable SLAs: Operators can embed this guideline into Request for Proposals (RFPs) and Service Level Agreements (SLAs), ensuring that vendors and integrators deliver a network that meets specific, measurable quality benchmarks.
  • Predictable Quality: An industry-aligned approach reduces variability in deployments, helping MSPs deliver consistent reliability across different customer sites.

For Infrastructure Vendors:

  • Product Alignment: Vendors can align their tools and AP features with a globally recognized design framework, ensuring their products are “design-ready” for compliant networks.
  • Streamlined Requirements: A unified standard reduces the need to customize solutions for every different operator’s unique (and often conflicting) design requirements.

For End-Users and Enterprises:

  • Consistent Experience: Whether in a stadium, an office, or at home, users will benefit from a network designed to handle roaming and capacity correctly, delivering more consistent performance, faster response times, and fewer dropouts or periods of lag.
  • Future-Proofing: Enterprises investing in networks built around the principles outlined in this new Wi-Fi design standard will be better prepared for the demands of Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7.

Tools and Capabilities Driving the Solution

To solve the challenges of fragmented design and validation, Ookla brings a unique combination of global network intelligence and precision measurement tools to the working group:

  • Precision RF Measurement & Diagnostics (Ekahau Sidekick 2): Ekahau by Ookla, provides the industry-standard hardware for spectrum analysis and Wi-Fi site surveys. The Sidekick 2 allows network engineers to capture precise RF data across 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz bands, identifying interference, coverage gaps, and capacity issues that software-only tools miss.
  • AI-Assisted Predictive Design (Ekahau AI Pro): Our planning software enables architects to model complex environments—from stadiums to warehouses—and simulate network performance before a single access point is installed. This ensures designs meet capacity requirements for high-density environments and modern applications like VoIP and video streaming while adhering to the WBA Wi-Fi design standard.
  • Real-World Quality of Experience (QoE) Testing: Beyond RF metrics, Ookla contributes the methodology for measuring the actual end-user experience. By integrating Speedtest® directly into the survey workflow, we can correlate RF signal strength with real-world throughput, latency, and jitter data. This allows operators to design beyond traditional networks that just had “good coverage,” to a modern Wi-Fi design based on WBA standards that actually delivers the connectivity required for demanding user applications.
  • Global Performance Benchmarks: Leveraging Ookla’s vast dataset of global network performance, we help the working group establish realistic, data-backed performance thresholds for different verticals, ensuring the new standard is grounded in how networks perform in the wild, not just in a lab.

Join the Initiative

Developing a truly global standard is an ambitious project and requires global collaboration. We are inviting wireless network designers, operators, infrastructure vendors, managed service providers, and certification bodies to join this working group and help shape the future of Wi-Fi deployment.

The development phase is set to kick off in Q1 2026, with a target to deliver the WBA Wi-Fi Design Standard v1.0 by the end of the year. As the effort moves forward, Ookla will continue providing real-world measurement, design, and performance insights to help ensure the standard remains grounded in how networks are deployed and experienced in the real world.Participation offers a direct opportunity to help define the benchmarks, KPIs, and design principles that will shape future Wi-Fi deployments worldwide. To contribute your expertise and be part of this WBA-led initiative, visit the project page or contact the WBA team directly.

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.

| November 17, 2025

New Silicon, New Speeds: How Apple's N1 compares with Android Flagships for Wi-Fi Performance

New wireless silicon in the iPhone 17 family delivers material performance improvements over predecessors, pushing it ahead of many Android flagship devices in Wi-Fi.

If the last few smartphone releases were defined by cellular milestones, 2025 has quietly become the year of Wi‑Fi. Apple’s first custom networking chip, the N1, arrives in the iPhone 17 family, while Android flagships (meaning companies’ top-of-the-line models) have leaned into Wi-Fi 7 and 6 GHz with enhanced capabilities made possible by 320 MHz channels. The primacy of Wi-Fi performance in the everyday user experience and the proliferation of new form factors mean device manufacturers are competing more intensely for access to the best networking silicon.

Using global, crowdsourced Speedtest Intelligence® data from the six weeks after the iPhone 17 family of devices hit stores, we compared the performance of Apple’s N1 with its Broadcom-based predecessor and leading Android flagships using Wi-Fi silicon from Qualcomm, MediaTek and Broadcom.

Key Takeaways:

  • Apple’s N1 chipset is a substantial upgrade. The iPhone 17 family delivers a clear step-change in Wi-Fi performance vs. the Broadcom-based iPhone 16 lineup, with faster download and upload speeds across every region. Globally, median download and upload speeds on the N1 were each up to 40% higher than on its predecessor.
  • Google’s Pixel 10 Pro and iPhone 17 families jostle for Wi-Fi leadership. The Pixel 10 Pro recorded the highest global median download speed at 335.33 Mbps during the study period, marginally edging out the iPhone 17 family at 329.56 Mbps. The pattern flips at the 10th percentile (worst-case), where the iPhone 17 family leads globally with 56.08 Mbps, just ahead of the Pixel 10 Pro family at 53.25 Mbps.
  • Xiaomi’s 15T Pro delivers the strongest upload and latency performance. Based on MediaTek Wi-Fi silicon integrated with the Dimensity 9400(+) platform, the 15T Pro performed strongest in 90th-percentile (best-case) download speed at 887.25 Mbps, upload speed at the 10th, median and 90th percentile levels and median multi-server latency (15 ms) globally.
  • Huawei’s Pura 80 family suffers from lack of 6 GHz support but remains competitive on non-6 GHz networks. Based on a “self-developed chip-level collaboration” (likely from HiSilicon), it lags other flagships in download and upload speeds, with a particularly acute gap at the 90th percentile where the absence of 6 GHz support hurts peak performance. Notwithstanding this, when looking only at non-6 GHz samples, the Pura 80 family is more competitive and, on Wi-Fi 6, delivers the second-fastest upload speeds at the 90th percentile (603.61 Mbps) in Southeast Asia against Android flagships.
  • Wi-Fi 7 and 6 GHz are force multipliers for flagship Wi-Fi silicon, though adoption remains regionally skewed. Across Android families, median 6 GHz download speeds were at least 77% faster than 5 GHz, and the step from Wi-Fi 6 to Wi-Fi 7 delivered a similar lift. In North America, flagship Android users spend much more time on 6 GHz networks, with the Galaxy S25 family showing over 20% of Speedtest samples on 6 GHz, compared with about 5% in Europe and Northeast Asia and just 1.7% in the Gulf region.

Methodological note: This analysis uses Speedtest® data collected from September 19 to October 29, 2025. The included Wi-Fi 7-capable devices are listed below. For each device family, the results represent the aggregate of all devices in that family:

  • Apple iPhone 16 family (iPhone 16, 16 Plus, 16 Pro, 16 Pro Max)
  • Apple iPhone 17 family (iPhone Air, iPhone 17, iPhone 17 Pro, iPhone 17 Pro Max)
  • Samsung Galaxy S25 family (Galaxy S25, S25+, S25 Ultra)
  • Google Pixel 10 Pro family (Pixel 10 Pro, Pixel 10 Pro XL)
  • Huawei Pura 80 family (Pura 80 Pro, Pura 80 Ultra)
  • Xiaomi 15T Pro
  • Vivo X200 Pro
  • Oppo Find X8 Pro

Apple’s N1 focuses on tighter hardware-software integration rather than chasing peak capability

The arrival of the N1 marks the next ambitious step in Apple’s multi-year plan to bring the last major piece of the iPhone’s wireless stack in-house. By moving off Broadcom-supplied parts, Apple gains tighter control over mission-critical silicon, reduces supplier dependence and pricing exposure and creates a reusable radio platform that can scale across iPhone, Mac, iPad, Watch and Home devices.

Technically, the N1 is a single-die chip that integrates Wi-Fi 7, Bluetooth 6 and Thread radios. Aside from the step up from Bluetooth 5.3 to 6 and Apple’s claim that tighter hardware-software integration improves features like AirDrop and Personal Hotspot, the N1’s Wi-Fi capabilities appear, on paper, virtually identical to its Broadcom-based predecessor.

This continuity in Wi-Fi specifications is notable because it means the N1 is capped at 160 MHz channels and lacks support for 320 MHz operation and thus the peak link rates (or PHY speeds) available with flagship silicon from vendors such as Qualcomm and MediaTek.

In practical terms, this should limit the N1’s peak performance in markets that allow the full 6 GHz band, like the US, which offers up to three non-overlapping 320 MHz channels. It should also limit performance (although potentially to a lesser degree) in regions that allow only the lower 6 GHz block, like the EU and UK, which offer just one non-overlapping 320 MHz channel.

iPhone 17 family delivers a clear step up in Wi-Fi performance over its predecessors

Analysis of Speedtest Intelligence data shows that, despite the similar headline specifications between the Broadcom-based iPhone 16 family and the N1-powered iPhone 17, the 17 delivers a clear step-change in real-world Wi-Fi performance. New devices often appear to outperform in their early weeks, partly because early adopters skew toward wealthier markets with more capable Wi-Fi networks. However, the consistency and magnitude of the iPhone 17’s lead indicate this is not a launch-period skew but a genuine improvement.

iPhone 17 Family Delivers Step-Change in Wi-Fi Performance Globally
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. Regional.

To ensure the gains are not a simple country-mix artifact, we matched markets where both families exhibited the most samples during the study period. Across all of those countries analysed, including major markets such as the US, UK, Germany, Japan, Italy and India, the iPhone 17 outperformed the iPhone 16 on download performance. This pattern holds across markets with very high absolute speeds (e.g., France) and more typical markets alike, pointing to genuine device-side improvements.

N1 Silicon is Driving Wi-Fi Gains Across Major Markets
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. Country-level.

The iPhone 17 family delivered higher download and upload speeds on Wi-Fi compared to the iPhone 16 across every studied percentile (10th, median and 90th) and virtually every region. During the study period, the iPhone 17 family’s global median download of 329.56 Mbps was as much as 40% higher than the iPhone 16 family’s 236.46 Mbps. Upload speeds improved similarly, jumping from 73.68 Mbps to 103.26 Mbps. 

iPhone 17 Family Sees Biggest Upload Gains in Asia
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. Regional

Notably, the N1 delivers a far bigger generational uplift at the 10th percentile than at the 90th, implying Apple’s custom silicon lifts the floor more than the ceiling, a pattern we also saw in our analysis of the in-house C1 modem’s cellular performance.

iPhone 17 Family is Stronger in Tough Wi-Fi Conditions
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. Regional.

This means the N1 appears to deliver a more consistent experience across a wider range of environments, in particular uplifting performance under challenging Wi-Fi conditions. Specifically, 10th-percentile speeds on iPhone 17 were over 60% higher, versus just over 20% at the 90th percentile.

Singapore and France Lead Global iPhone 17 Speeds
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. Country-level. iPhone 17 family.

At a regional level, iPhone 17 users enjoyed the highest median download speeds in North America at 416.14 Mbps (up from 323.69 Mbps on the iPhone 16 family), mainly due to greater 6 GHz use. At a country level, meanwhile, iPhone 17 users in Singapore (613.80 Mbps) and France (601.46 Mbps) saw the highest speeds out of all the markets where the device has launched, reflecting the very high penetration of multi-gigabit fibre in both.

The lack of 320 MHz support does not yet impact N1 performance in the wild

The N1’s performance not only surpasses its Broadcom-based predecessor but also places the iPhone 17 family in a strong competitive position across all Wi-Fi metrics in every region. Notably, Apple’s latest lineup achieved the highest global 10th-percentile download speed at 56.08 Mbps, reinforcing the observation that the N1 is likely to deliver more consistent performance in non-ideal Wi-Fi conditions.

The N1’s apparent handicap on paper, with channel width capped at 160 MHz rather than the 320 MHz that Wi-Fi 7 supports with 6 GHz, does not materially affect performance in real world use for most people. In theory, this cap could halve peak link rates right next to a top tier router, yet the impact is rarely visible outside controlled tests, highlighting the importance of real-world testing and crowdsourced data to reflect the actual end-user experience. 

Strong iPhone 17 Performance in North America
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. North America.

This is evident in the iPhone 17 family posting the highest median (416.14 Mbps) and 90th percentile (976.39 Mbps) download speeds of any device in North America, where gains from 320 MHz channels should be most apparent. The most likely explanation is that the installed base of 320 MHz-capable routers remains very small (and our recent shows Wi-Fi 7 adoption itself is still limited), so usage is not yet material enough to move results at the aggregate level.

North American iPhone 17 Speeds Hold Up Without 320 MHz
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. North America.

This may also explain why Apple chose not to add the capability to the N1, even though the performance benefit of 320-MHz-capable silicon is likely to grow as the Wi-Fi ecosystem matures, making it a future-proofing feature for Android flagships that include it.

Google’s Pixel 10 Pro leads on median download speed, Samsung’s Galaxy S25 delivers lowest best-case latency

Beyond the iPhone 17 family, Google’s Pixel 10 Pro also performed strongly on download speed. Likely powered by Broadcom Wi-Fi silicon (consistent with the Pixel 8 and 9 lineage), it achieved the highest global median download speed at 335.33 Mbps during the study period, narrowly ahead of the iPhone 17 family at 329.56 Mbps. In markets such as North America, where Chinese Android brands have limited share, the Pixel 10 Pro also leads in upload performance at both the median and the 90th percentile.

Pixel 10 Pro Leads Global Wi-Fi Download Speeds
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. Global.

Samsung’s Galaxy S25 family, based on Qualcomm’s FastConnect 7900 Wi-Fi silicon integrated with the Snapdragon 8 Elite platform, did not lead outright in any metric at the global level but was positioned in the upper mid-pack across most. Its clearest regional strength was latency, where it delivered the lowest best-case response times in North America (6 ms), Europe (7 ms) and the Gulf (9 ms). It also led in median multi-server latency in Europe (17 ms) and 90th percentile upload speeds in the Gulf (330.80 Mbps). 

Galaxy S25 Shows Strong Latency Performance
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. Regional.

Xiaomi’s 15T Pro dominates upload performance with MediaTek Wi-Fi silicon

During the study period, the device ranking for upload speed differed markedly from the download ranking, even after controlling for country mix effects (that is, cases where devices skew toward markets with unusually high or low upload speeds). In markets where it has a large installed base, including Europe and Northeast Asia, Xiaomi’s 15T Pro, built on MediaTek Wi-Fi silicon integrated in the Dimensity 9400 (+) platform, showed a commanding lead in upload performance.

During the study period, Xiaomi’s 15T Pro achieved the fastest upload speeds in Europe at every percentile measured (10th, median, 90th) and also led 10th percentile uploads in Northeast Asia. In fiber-rich markets such as France, which are characterized by very high upstream performance and symmetrical line speeds, the 15T Pro was the only device to surpass 100 Mbps at the 10th percentile, 500 Mbps at the median, and 1,000 Mbps at the 90th percentile.

Xiaomi’s 15T Pro Leads on Upload Speed
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. Global.

Beyond upload performance, Xiaomi’s flagship also provided strong performance on multi-server latency, delivering the lowest response times globally at the median (15 ms) and 90th percentile levels (42 ms). 

Huawei’s Pura 80 family performs relatively more strongly where 6 GHz is not used

The Pura 80 series is based on a “self-developed chip-level collaboration” for Wi-Fi 7, suggesting, but not confirming, continued use of a HiSilicon solution after the Pura 70’s in-house silicon. If this is the case, Huawei would be the only other manufacturer besides Apple using vertically integrated Wi-Fi silicon across its current flagship lineup.

Critically, however, Huawei’s Wi-Fi 7 implementation in the Pura 80 family lacks 6 GHz support, both on devices sold in China (where 6 GHz is not available for Wi-Fi anyway) and overseas. This limitation significantly impedes performance capability on 6 GHz-capable Wi-Fi networks, especially in crowded environments, where the additional spectrum unlocks major speed gains on devices that can take advantage of it.  

Huawei's Pura 80 Performs Better on Non-6 GHz Wi-Fi
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. Southeast Asia.

The lack of 6 GHz support is particularly evident at the 90th percentile, where the Pura 80 family trailed all other devices in Southeast Asia, the region with the largest observed install base for the device, posting download speeds of 541.33 Mbps that were more than 39% below the top performing Oppo Find X8 Pro there. This lag also extended to median download speeds in the same region, where the Pura 80 family again trailed all other devices.

Notwithstanding this disadvantage, the Pura 80 was competitive on some metrics, including upload performance on access points lacking Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7 (which do not benefit from 6 GHz access). On Wi-Fi 6 connections, Huawei’s flagship delivered the second-fastest upload speeds at the 90th percentile (603.61 Mbps) in Southeast Asia against Android flagships.

Wi-Fi 7 and 6 GHz propel flagships to new performance levels, but benefits remain fragmented

Although Wi-Fi outcomes vary by device, even between models using the same silicon because factors like hardware and software integration and chassis tuning affect results, and although they also vary by region, the commonality is a step-change in performance on flagship devices enabled by newer standards such as Wi-Fi 7 and access to the 6 GHz band.

North American Flagship Users Spend More Time on 6 GHz Wi-Fi
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. Samsung Galaxy S25 Family.

On modern access points and devices with Wi-Fi 7-capable silicon, users can take advantage of newer features like Multi-Link Operation (MLO), which enables the use of multiple Wi-Fi bands at the same time (similar to carrier aggregation with cellular).

Flagship Devices See Higher Speeds on Newer Wi-Fi Standards
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. Global.

These upgrades are translating into tangible gains, with Wi-Fi 7 delivering roughly double the median download speeds of Wi-Fi 6 on the same flagship Android devices included in this study (uplift ranging from +74% to +108% depending on device family). The step from Wi-Fi 5 to Wi-Fi 6 delivered a similar uplift on these devices (uplift ranging from +72% to +123%). Similarly, median download speeds on flagship devices connected to 6 GHz were at least 77% faster than 5 GHz.  

Flagship Devices Perform Better on Higher Wi-Fi Bands
Speedtest Intelligence® | Sept 19 – Oct 29, 2025. Global.

The diffusion of these benefits in the real-world, however, is still at an early stage and regionally fragmented. For instance, while over 20% of Speedtest samples conducted on the Galaxy S25 family in North America originated on the 6 GHz band during the study period, only about 5% of samples in Europe and Northeast Asia and 1.7% in the Gulf region were based on 6 GHz. 

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.

| March 19, 2025

Fiber-Rich, Wi-Fi Poor: Spain Exemplifies the Scourge of Outdated Wi-Fi | Rica en fibra y pobre en Wi-Fi: España ejemplifica la ‘enfermedad’ del Wi-Fi obsoleto

Spanish/Español

Spain leads Europe in fiber deployment but is now paying the price for neglecting modern Wi-Fi CPE, undermining its global competitiveness in fixed broadband performance. 

Spain’s remarkable transformation from a telecoms laggard a decade ago to a global leader in fiber availability has been dizzying in both scale and speed. Widely hailed as a model of best practice, this transformation has played a key role in vaulting the country to the forefront of Europe in economic growth over the last two years, supporting the attraction of inward investment in precision manufacturing, renewables, and a growing digital nomad community.

If deploying fiber to as many doorsteps as possible were a sprint, Spain would have won hands down. But the real race—the marathon of extending gigabit coverage throughout the entire home, beyond merely the doorstep—requires modernizing Wi-Fi customer premises equipment (CPE). Here, Spain is falling behind, eroding its global competitiveness in fixed broadband performance and limiting Spanish ISPs’ ability to differentiate in a market saturated with multiple overlapping fiber builds.

This chasm between the highly capable fiber connections reaching most Spanish homes and the outdated Wi-Fi equipment delivering that connectivity to end devices exemplifies the paradox of ‘old’ fiber markets like Spain. As an early mover in fiber, Spain migrated from copper before modern Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 7 CPE—designed to fully leverage fiber’s multi-gigabit potential—became widely available.

Key Takeaways

  • Spain features one of the oldest and least capable Wi-Fi footprints in Europe: By the end of 2024, two-thirds of all Wi-Fi connections in Spain still relied on legacy standards (Wi-Fi 4 and Wi-Fi 5) based on Speedtest Intelligence® data, leaving the country notably behind peers with lower fiber penetration, including neighboring France, the United Kingdom, and all Nordic countries. This deep entrenchment of legacy Wi-Fi standards is artificially constraining the performance of Spain’s full-fiber connections, contributing to its underperformance in the Speedtest Global Index™ compared to countries with less extensive fiber deployment.
  • The capabilities of Spain’s Wi-Fi footprint vary significantly across different ISPs: DIGI has distinguished itself  by offering modern CPE with Wi-Fi 6 as standard across its subscriber base, benefiting from its position as a newer entrant without a legacy customer base. This has driven its strong lead in Wi-Fi 6 penetration in Spain—nearly half of all Speedtest samples on DIGI connections in January used Wi-Fi 6 or 7, compared to less than a quarter on Movistar and Vodafone—enhancing its overall fixed broadband performance. By comparison, ISPs that were slow to introduce modern CPE, such as Movistar, or restricted access to subscribers opting for premium equipment rental add-ons, like Vodafone, retain a much larger share of users on legacy Wi-Fi standards.
  • Modern CPE with Wi-Fi 6 and 7 deliver significant performance gains across all ISPs: The gap between advertised fiber speeds to the doorstep (typically achievable via wired Ethernet) and actual Wi-Fi performance is smallest in homes where Wi-Fi 6 and 7 CPE have been deployed. At the end of 2024, median download speeds on Wi-Fi 6 in Spain reached 419.13 Mbps, exceeding Wi-Fi 5 speeds by more than 54% and surpassing Wi-Fi 4 performance by an order of magnitude. Meanwhile, median latency on Wi-Fi 7 connections (19 ms) was notably improved compared to outcomes on earlier Wi-Fi standards. 

Spain is a victim of its own success, having deployed fiber far and wide before the arrival of Wi-Fi 6 and 7

Spain typifies the legacy Wi-Fi challenges now confronting Europe’s early fiber adopters—countries that moved aggressively to deploy full-fiber networks using GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) technology. The market incumbent, Telefónica, began large-scale fiber deployment in the early 2010s, accelerating from 2015. By the end of the decade, Spain had leapfrogged most countries in fiber coverage and the migration from copper-based DSL, with a groundswell of investment driving multiple overlapping fiber builds across many areas.

The scale of Spain’s success in fiber deployment is often under-appreciated. The European Commission’s latest DESI Index reported that over 95% of Spanish households were passed by a full-fiber network—well above the EU average of 64%. This has placed Spain within striking distance of the Commission’s Digital Decade 2030 target of achieving full-fiber coverage across all member states by the end of the decade.

Spain Continues to Lead Europe in Fiber Deployment
European Commission | DESI 2018 – 2024

Spain’s initial fiber rollouts in the early 2010s coincided with Wi-Fi 4 being the de facto standard for many ISP-supplied CPE. Based on a 2009 standard, Wi-Fi 4 offers theoretical maximum download speeds of up to 600 Mbps. By the peak of fiber deployment in the latter half of the decade, Wi-Fi 5 had become the state-of-the-art standard, delivering peak speeds of 3.5 Gbps and gradually becoming dominant. For instance, in 2016, Telefónica’s Movistar fiber CPE featured a dual-band Wi-Fi 5 model, which was considered high-end at the time.

By the time Wi-Fi 6—the first standard truly designed for multi-gigabit fiber based on XGS-PON (the latest optical networking technology enabling symmetrical speeds of up to 10 Gbps)—became available, Spanish ISPs had already deployed tens of millions of legacy CPE. Analysis of Speedtest Intelligence data reveals that Wi-Fi 4 and Wi-Fi 5 CPE have remained deeply entrenched in Spain’s fiber base, collectively accounting for over 75% of all fixed connections by December 2024, based on Speedtest sample share. 

Competitive dynamics play a key role in shaping Wi-Fi outcomes across countries and ISPs

The long tail of legacy Wi-Fi CPE in Spain stands in stark contrast to other fiber-rich countries like neighboring France, another European leader in fiber deployment—though it lagged behind Spain until recent years. By December 2024, Wi-Fi 6 accounted for nearly a third of all Wi-Fi connections in France, compared to less than a quarter in Spain.

Beyond France’s later fiber deployment timeline compared to Spain, broader competitive dynamics and consumer behavior have likely influenced the differences in Wi-Fi adoption between the two countries. While Spain’s fixed market is highly competitive, it has been led by a few large converged players that have traditionally prioritized convergence and bundling over investing in cutting-edge CPE.

For the most part, Spanish ISPs have traditionally competed on price, content, and speed tiers, with Wi-Fi CPE upgrades not seen as a key differentiator. In France, by contrast, the entry of market disruptor Iliad’s Free at the start of the last decade intensified competition not just on price but also on innovation in the ‘internet box.’ For over a decade, Free set the market pace by integrating cutting-edge technology into its Freebox gateways, from built-in media servers to high-end Wi-Fi.

Wi-Fi 6 Penetration Continues to Rise Slowly in Spain
Speedtest Intelligence® | January 2025

This sparked a ‘box war’ in France, where rival ISPs faced competitive pressure to regularly update their CPE to avoid being outpaced. For example, when Free introduced a Wi-Fi 6-capable Freebox for new subscribers, Orange (Livebox 6) and Bouygues (Bbox Wi-Fi 6) quickly followed suit with their own offerings, treating hardware as a key competitive feature to attract subscribers.

Additionally, French ISPs typically included these newer CPE solutions at no extra cost in standard fiber tariffs. When Orange launched the Livebox 6 in 2022 with Wi-Fi 6E support—leveraging additional spectrum in the 6 GHz band to boost theoretical maximum speeds to 9.6 Gbps—it made the device available to all new fiber customers on eligible tariffs. Free took a similar approach earlier with its mid-range Freebox Pop, adding Wi-Fi 6 support in 2021 for new sign-ups without increasing the base subscription fee.

The absence of a Free-equivalent disruptor in Spain until the later arrival of DIGI, combined with a longstanding focus on bundling and content rather than CPE hardware and multi-gigabit tariffs for competitive differentiation, has likely been a key factor in dampening the adoption of Wi-Fi 6 and 7 in Spain.

DIGI's Emphasis on Modern CPE Drives Leadership in Wi-Fi 6 Penetration
Speedtest Intelligence® | January 2025

  • Telefónica’s Movistar: Movistar introduced its first Wi-Fi 6 CPE (Smart Wi-Fi 6) in mid-2022. The ISP initially sought to monetize the device, charging a one-time installation fee for existing customers while bundling it with a new high-speed multi-gigabit tariff. By January, Wi-Fi 6 accounted for as much as 19% of Movistar’s customer base, based on Speedtest sample share.

    The ISP leveraged its presence at MWC 2025 in Barcelona to unveil plans for a Wi-Fi 7 CPE solution, designed to harness the higher-speed multi-gigabit tariffs enabled by its XGS-PON upgrades and expansion. As it phases out legacy hardware, the ISP is accelerating the migration of subscribers from Wi-Fi 4 and 5 CPE, with Speedtest Intelligence data revealing a progressive decline in Wi-Fi 4 penetration since August last year in Movistar’s base.

    At the start of this year, it announced that all new Movistar fixed subscribers, regardless of tariff tier, would receive its Smart Wi-Fi 6 solution as standard, replacing the previous ‘HGU’ Wi-Fi 5-based offering and replicating the strategy of DIGI.

Movistar is Making Progress in Driving Down Wi-Fi 4 Usage
Speedtest Intelligence® | January 2025

  • Orange: Orange was among the first major ISPs in Spain to introduce Wi-Fi 6 CPE, bringing its Livebox 6 and later Livebox 7 solutions from France to the Spanish market starting in 2021, later extending them to sub-brands like Jazztel. The ISP provided this CPE free of charge to new customers across all tariffs, regardless of speed tier. Like Movistar, it initially charged existing subscribers a (monthly, in this case) fee to upgrade to the new hardware. This relatively early and widespread deployment has given Orange a lead in Wi-Fi 6 adoption over Movistar, with as much as 35% of connections on the ISP using the standard by January, based on Speedtest sample share.

    The ISP has since introduced the ‘Livebox Wi-Fi 7’ CPE solution, bundled with a new suite of 10 Gbps converged fiber tariffs. Leveraging Orange’s XGS-PON footprint, it offers among the highest advertised provisioned speeds in the Spanish market.
  • Vodafone: Vodafone introduced its ‘Wi-Fi 6 Station’ in Spain around mid-2021, making it one of the earliest Wi-Fi 6 solutions in the market. However, the ISP positioned it as a premium add-on rather than a standard feature. While new customers could access the Wi-Fi 6 Station, it was initially bundled with Vodafone’s ‘Super Wi-Fi 6’ service, which required a monthly rental fee unless they were on the top Gigabit plan.

    As a result, customers who did not opt in and pay extra continued to receive the older Wi-Fi 5-based CPE by default (similar to many other ISPs). This approach, combined with the legacy composition of Vodafone’s HFC (hybrid fiber-coaxial) base,  has left the ISP’s Wi-Fi 6 adoption lagging behind competitors, with fewer than 14% of its connections using the standard by January based on Speedtest sample share. 

DIGI is the only Spanish ISP where Wi-Fi 6 penetration surpasses Wi-Fi 5
Speedtest Intelligence® | January 2025

  • DIGI: Unlike other ISPs managing a diverse base of legacy customers across various access technologies and CPE generations, DIGI’s relatively recent entry into the Spanish market has given it a significant competitive advantage, allowing it to build a subscriber base largely equipped with newer Wi-Fi CPE. 

    In early 2022, the ISP introduced a Wi-Fi 6 CPE solution for all its fiber subscribers at no additional cost, ensuring that even customers on DIGI’s basic tariffs received the latest Wi-Fi hardware. This approach has driven rapid Wi-Fi 6 adoption, with penetration surpassing 46% by January. DIGI remains the only Spanish ISP where Wi-Fi 6 represents a larger share of its connection base than Wi-Fi 5, contributing to its lead in fixed download speed performance in the market.

    Building on this, last year, DIGI became the first Spanish ISP to launch a Wi-Fi 7 CPE solution in partnership with ZTE, initially bundling the hardware with its premium ‘Pro-DIGI’ tariffs, which leverage XGS-PON to offer advertised symmetrical speeds of up to 10 Gbps. However, adoption remains limited, with Wi-Fi 7 accounting for less than 1% of Speedtest samples on DIGI in January.

Newer Wi-Fi standards enhance performance across all metrics and Spanish ISPs

Despite the wide variation in Wi-Fi standard adoption among Spanish ISPs, the common feature is that newer CPE models drive significant performance improvements across all metrics. Most notably, Wi-Fi 6 and 7 are playing a key role in narrowing the performance gap between advertised fiber speeds—typically achievable via wired Ethernet—and real-world wireless performance in Spanish homes.

Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 7 Drive Substantial Performance Gains Across All ISPs and Metrics
Speedtest Intelligence® | January 2025

At the end of 2024, median download speeds on Wi-Fi 7 in Spain reached 664.25 Mbps, surpassing Wi-Fi 6 by 58% and more than doubling speeds on Wi-Fi 5. Median upload speeds on Wi-Fi 7, enhanced by features like Multi-Link Operation (MLO), which enables simultaneous transmissions across multiple spectrum bands, reached 449.69 Mbps—28% higher than Wi-Fi 6 and 51% above Wi-Fi 5. Wi-Fi 7 also delivered marked latency improvements, with a median latency of 19 ms, up to 12% lower than Wi-Fi 6.

Wi-Fi 7 is Key to Unlocking the Full Potential of Multi-Gigabit Fiber Tariffs
Speedtest Intelligence® | January 2025

The proliferation of multi-gigabit tariffs with XGS-PON, which has progressed more slowly in Spain than in other fiber-rich markets like France but is now accelerating thanks to moves by ISPs like DIGI and Orange, underlines the need for CPE capable of fully utilizing provisioned speeds and spreading gigabit performance throughout the home. Speedtest Intelligence data reveals that early Wi-Fi 7 CPE deployments are the first to achieve median download speeds exceeding 1 Gbps at the 90th percentile in Spain, showcasing how Wi-Fi 7’s technical advances like wider channel bandwidth and higher modulation are emerging as key differentiators for the technology in the premium segment.

Newer Wi-Fi Generations Drive Latency Improvements
Speedtest Intelligence® | January 2025

Driving adoption of newer Wi-Fi standards requires fresh strategies but create new revenue opportunities for ISPs

As advanced fiber markets like Spain mature, the focus is shifting from simply delivering gigabit speeds to the doorstep to ensuring seamless whole-home performance that meets the diverse demands of emerging connected devices. As a result, investments in enhancing the Wi-Fi experience through ISP-supplied CPE will be key to differentiating multi-gigabit tariffs beyond price and ensuring the full potential of fiber connections can be realised.

Spain must accelerate the modernization of its Wi-Fi base to fully capitalize on substantial investments in XGS-PON, deliver meaningful improvements in quality of experience (QoE) for consumers, and catch up with leading markets in the Nordics. Spanish ISPs can take cues from neighboring countries like France, where CPE upgrades are bundled with tariff speed upgrades, and targeted swap-and-replace programs systematically identify and phase out legacy Wi-Fi hardware to drive adoption of next-generation Wi-Fi 6 and 7 equipment. Recent moves by ISPs like Telefónica’s Movistar to sunset legacy CPE and provide Wi-Fi 6 solutions as standard are evidence of progress in this respect.

Leading European ISPs that have prioritized consumer awareness of Wi-Fi standards and their impact on fiber performance—while modernizing their Wi-Fi CPE base to support monetizable offerings like minimum speed guarantees in every room—are seeing tangible benefits. This strategy not only enhances the overall fixed broadband experience but also unlocks new revenue streams through service differentiation.


Rica en fibra y pobre en Wi-Fi: España ejemplifica la ‘enfermedad’ del Wi-Fi obsoleto

España lidera Europa en despliegue de fibra, pero está pagando el precio de descuidar la modernización de equipos Wi-Fi, lo que socava su competitividad global en rendimiento de banda ancha fija.

La notable transformación de España, que hace una década pasó de ser un país rezagado en telecomunicaciones a convertirse en líder mundial en disponibilidad de fibra, ha sido vertiginosa tanto en escala como en velocidad. Aclamada ampliamente como modelo de buenas prácticas, esta transformación ha desempeñado un papel clave para que el país se sitúe a la vanguardia de Europa en crecimiento económico durante los dos últimos años, apoyando la atracción de inversión en fabricación de precisión, energías renovables y una creciente comunidad de nómadas digitales.

Si el despliegue de fibra en el mayor número posible de hogares fuera una carrera de velocidad, España habría ganado sin duda alguna. Pero la verdadera carrera -la maratón de extender la cobertura gigabit a todo el hogar, más allá de la puerta- requiere modernizar los equipos Wi-Fi de las instalaciones del cliente (CPE). En este aspecto, España se está quedando rezagada, lo que merma su competitividad global en rendimiento de banda ancha fija y limita la capacidad de los proveedores de servicios de internet (ISP) españoles para diferenciarse en un mercado saturado con múltiples despliegues de fibra que se solapan. 

Este abismo entre las conexiones de fibra de alta capacidad que llegan a la mayoría de los hogares españoles y los anticuados equipos Wi-Fi que suministran esa conectividad a los dispositivos finales ejemplifica la paradoja de los “antiguos” mercados de fibra como España. Como pionera en fibra, España migró desde el cobre antes de que los modernos CPE Wi-Fi 6 y Wi-Fi 7 -diseñados para aprovechar al máximo el potencial multi-gigabit de la fibra- estuvieran ampliamente disponibles.

Aspectos Clave:

  • España cuenta con una de las huellas Wi-Fi más antiguas y menos capaces de Europa. A finales de 2024, dos tercios de todas las conexiones Wi-Fi en España todavía dependían de estándares heredados (Wi-Fi 4 y Wi-Fi 5), dejando al país notablemente por detrás de sus iguales con menor penetración de fibra, incluyendo la vecina Francia, el Reino Unido y todos los países nórdicos. Este profundo arraigo de los estándares Wi-Fi heredados está limitando artificialmente el rendimiento de las conexiones de fibra de España, contribuyendo a su bajo rendimiento en el Speedtest Global Index™ en comparación con países con un despliegue de fibra menos extenso.
  • Las capacidades de la huella Wi-Fi de España varían significativamente entre los distintos ISP. DIGI se ha distinguido por ofrecer CPE modernos con Wi-Fi 6 como estándar a toda su base de abonados, beneficiándose de su posición como nuevo operador sin una base de clientes heredada. Esto ha impulsado su fuerte liderazgo en la penetración de Wi-Fi 6 en España -casi la mitad de todas las muestras de Speedtest en conexiones de DIGI en enero utilizaban Wi-Fi 6 o 7, frente a menos de una cuarta parte en Movistar y Vodafone-, mejorando su rendimiento global de banda ancha fija. En comparación, los ISP que tardaron en introducir CPE modernos, como Movistar, o que restringieron el acceso a los abonados que optaron por complementos de alquiler de equipos premium, como Vodafone, conservan una cuota mucho mayor de usuarios con estándares Wi-Fi heredados.
  • Los CPE modernos con Wi-Fi 6 y 7 ofrecen importantes mejoras de rendimiento en todos los proveedores. La diferencia entre las velocidades de fibra anunciadas hasta la puerta de casa (normalmente alcanzables a través de Ethernet por cable) y el rendimiento Wi-Fi real es menor en los hogares en los que se han desplegado CPE Wi-Fi 6 y 7. A finales de 2024, las velocidades medianas de descarga en Wi-Fi 6 en España alcanzaron los 419,13 Mbps, superando las velocidades de Wi-Fi 5 en más de un 54% y el rendimiento de Wi-Fi 4 en un orden de magnitud. Mientras tanto, la latencia mediana de las conexiones Wi-Fi 7 (19 ms) mejoró notablemente en comparación con los resultados de los estándares Wi-Fi anteriores.

España, víctima de su propio éxito: desplegó fibra por todas partes antes de la llegada de Wi-Fi 6 y 7

España es un ejemplo típico de los retos que plantea el Wi-Fi heredado a los que fueron los primeros en adoptar la fibra óptica en Europa, países que se lanzaron a desplegar redes de fibra completa con tecnología GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network, red óptica pasiva Gigabit). En este sentido, Telefónica inició el despliegue de fibra a gran escala a principios de la década de 2010 y lo aceleró a partir de 2015. A finales de la década, España se había adelantado a la mayoría de los países en cobertura de fibra y en la migración desde la DSL basada en cobre, con una inversión que impulsó múltiples despliegues de fibra superpuestos en muchas zonas. 

A menudo se subestima la magnitud del éxito de España en el despliegue de fibra. El último índice DESI de la Comisión Europea indica que más del 95% de los hogares españoles contaban con una red de fibra óptica, lo que sitúa al país muy por encima de la media de la UE (64%). Esto ha colocado a España a una distancia asombrosa del objetivo de la Comisión para la Década Digital 2030 de lograr una cobertura total de fibra en todos los Estados miembros al final de la década.

España sigue liderando Europa en despliegue de fibra
Comisión Europea | DESI 2018-2024

Los despliegues iniciales de fibra en España a principios de 2010 coincidieron con el hecho de que el Wi-Fi 4 era el estándar de facto para muchos CPE suministrados por los operadores. De acuerdo con una norma de 2009, el Wi-Fi 4 ofrece velocidades máximas teóricas de descarga de hasta 600 Mbps. En el punto álgido del despliegue de fibra en la segunda mitad de la década, el Wi-Fi 5 se había convertido en el estándar de vanguardia, ofreciendo velocidades máximas de 3,5 Gbps y convirtiéndose gradualmente en dominante. Por ejemplo, en 2016, el CPE de fibra de Movistar contaba con un modelo Wi-Fi 5 de doble banda, considerado de gama alta en aquel momento.

Para cuando el Wi-Fi 6 (el primer estándar realmente diseñado para fibra multi-gigabit basado en XGS-PON -la última tecnología de redes ópticas que permite velocidades simétricas de hasta 10 Gbps-) estuvo disponible, los ISP españoles ya habían desplegado decenas de millones de CPE heredados. El análisis de los datos de Speedtest Intelligence revela que los CPE Wi-Fi 4 y Wi-Fi 5 han permanecido profundamente arraigados a la base de fibra de España, representando colectivamente más del 75% de todas las conexiones fijas en diciembre de 2024, según la cuota de muestras de Speedtest. 

La dinámica competitiva desempeña un papel clave en la configuración de los resultados de Wi-Fi de los distintos países e ISP

La gran cantidad de CPE Wi-Fi heredados en España contrasta fuertemente con otros países ricos en fibra, como la vecina Francia, otro líder europeo en despliegue de fibra a pesar de que ha ido a la zaga de España hasta hace pocos años. En diciembre de 2024, el Wi-Fi 6 representaba casi un tercio de todas las conexiones Wi-Fi en Francia, frente a menos de una cuarta parte en España.

Más allá del calendario de despliegue de fibra más tardío de Francia en comparación con el de España, es probable que la dinámica competitiva y el comportamiento de los consumidores hayan influido en las diferencias de adopción del Wi-Fi entre ambos países. Aunque el mercado fijo español es muy competitivo, ha estado liderado por unos pocos grandes operadores convergentes que tradicionalmente han dado prioridad al precio de los paquetes y a los contenidos frente a la inversión en CPE de vanguardia.

En su mayor parte, los ISP españoles han competido tradicionalmente en precio, contenido y niveles de velocidad, sin que las mejoras del CPE Wi-Fi se considerasen un diferenciador clave. En Francia, por el contrario, la entrada en el mercado de Free, de Iliad, a principios de la década pasada, intensificó la competencia no sólo en precios, sino también en innovación en la “caja de Internet”. Durante más de una década, Free marcó el ritmo del mercado integrando tecnología punta en sus pasarelas Freebox, desde servidores multimedia incorporados hasta Wi-Fi de alta gama.

La penetración del Wi-Fi 6 sigue creciendo lentamente en España
Speedtest Intelligence® | Enero 2025

Esto desencadenó una “guerra de cajas” en Francia, donde los operadores rivales se enfrentaron a la presión competitiva de actualizar periódicamente sus CPE para evitar ser superados. Por ejemplo, cuando Free introdujo un Freebox Wi-Fi 6 para nuevos abonados, Orange (Livebox 6) y Bouygues (Bbox Wi-Fi 6) no tardaron en lanzar sus propias ofertas, considerando el hardware como una característica competitiva clave para atraer abonados. 

Además, los ISP franceses solían incluir estas nuevas soluciones CPE sin coste adicional en las tarifas de fibra estándar. Cuando Orange lanzó el Livebox 6 en 2022 con soporte Wi-Fi 6E -aprovechando el espectro adicional en la banda de 6 GHz para aumentar las velocidades máximas teóricas a 9,6 Gbps- puso el dispositivo a disposición de todos los nuevos clientes de fibra con tarifas elegibles. Free ya había adoptado un enfoque similar con su Freebox Pop de gama media, añadiendo la compatibilidad con Wi-Fi 6 en 2021 para los nuevos suscriptores sin aumentar la cuota de suscripción básica.

La ausencia de un disruptor equivalente a Free en España hasta la posterior llegada de DIGI, combinada con un enfoque centrado desde hace tiempo en la paquetización y los contenidos más que en el hardware (CPE) y en las tarifas multi-gigabit para la diferenciación competitiva, ha sido probablemente un factor clave para frenar la adopción de Wi-Fi 6 y 7 en España.

Foco de DIGI en CPE modernos promueve liderazgo en la adopción de Wi-Fi 6
Speedtest Intelligence® | Enero 2025

  • Telefónica: Movistar introdujo su primer CPE Wi-Fi 6 (Smart Wi-Fi 6) a mediados de 2022. Inicialmente, el operador trató de rentabilizar el dispositivo cobrando una cuota única de instalación a los clientes y combinándolo con una nueva tarifa multi-gigabit de alta velocidad. En enero, el Wi-Fi 6 representaba hasta el 19% de la base de clientes de Movistar, según la cuota de muestreo de Speedtest. 

    El operador aprovechó su presencia en el MWC 2025 de Barcelona para desvelar sus planes para una solución CPE Wi-Fi 7, diseñada para aprovechar las tarifas multi-gigabit de mayor velocidad habilitadas por sus actualizaciones y ampliaciones XGS-PON. A medida que va eliminando hardware heredado, el operador está acelerando la migración de abonados desde CPE Wi-Fi 4 y 5. A este respecto, los datos de Speedtest Intelligence revelan un descenso progresivo de la penetración de Wi-Fi 4 desde agosto del año pasado en la base de Movistar. 

    A principios de este año, Movistar anunció que todos sus nuevos abonados de telefonía fija, independientemente del nivel de tarifa, recibirán su solución CPE ‘Smart Wi-Fi 6’, para sustituir la anterior oferta basada en Wi-Fi 5 ‘HGU’, replicando, así, la estrategia de DIGI.

Movistar avanza en la reducción del uso de Wi-Fi 4
Speedtest Intelligence® | Enero 2025

  • Orange: Orange fue uno de los primeros grandes operadores en España en introducir un CPE Wi-Fi 6, al traer sus soluciones Livebox 6 y más tarde Livebox 7 de Francia al mercado español a partir de 2021, y extenderlas más tarde a submarcas como Jazztel. El ISP proporcionó este CPE de forma gratuita a los nuevos clientes en todas las tarifas, independientemente del nivel de velocidad. Al igual que Movistar, cobró inicialmente a los abonados existentes una cuota (mensual, en este caso) para actualizar al nuevo hardware. Este despliegue relativamente temprano y generalizado ha dado a Orange una ventaja en la adopción de Wi-Fi 6 sobre Movistar, con hasta un 35% de sus conexiones utilizando el estándar en enero, según la cuota de muestra de Speedtest.

    Desde entonces, el operador ha introducido la solución CPE ‘Livebox Wi-Fi 7’, incluida en un nuevo paquete de tarifas de fibra convergente de 10 Gbps. Aprovechando la huella XGS-PON de Orange, ofrece las velocidades más altas anunciadas en el mercado español.
  • Vodafone: Vodafone introdujo su ‘Wi-Fi 6 Station’ en España a mediados de 2021, lo que la convierte en una de las primeras soluciones Wi-Fi 6 del mercado. Sin embargo, el proveedor la posicionó como un complemento premium más que como una característica estándar. Aunque los nuevos clientes podían acceder al router Wi-Fi 6, en un principio estaba vinculado al servicio ‘Súper Wi-Fi 6’, que exigía una cuota mensual de alquiler a menos que estuvieran en el plan gigabit superior. 

    En consecuencia, los clientes que no optaban por este servicio ni pagaban una cuota adicional seguían recibiendo por defecto el antiguo CPE basado en Wi-Fi 5 (al igual que en el caso de muchos otros operadores). Este enfoque, combinado con la composición heredada de la base HFC (fibra híbrida coaxial) de Vodafone, ha dejado la adopción de Wi-Fi 6 por parte del operador por detrás de sus competidores, con menos del 14% de sus conexiones utilizando este estándar en enero según la cuota de muestreo de Speedtest. 

DIGI es el único ISP español en el que la penetración de Wi-Fi 6 supera la de Wi-Fi 5
Speedtest Intelligence® | Enero 2025

  • DIGI: A diferencia de otros ISP que gestionan una base diversa de clientes heredados a través de diversas tecnologías de acceso y generaciones de CPE, la entrada relativamente reciente de DIGI en el mercado español le ha dado una ventaja competitiva significativa, lo que le ha permitido construir una base de suscriptores en gran parte equipada con CPE Wi-Fi más nuevos. 

    A principios de 2022, el operador introdujo una solución Wi-Fi 6 CPE para todos sus abonados de fibra sin coste adicional, garantizando que incluso los clientes de las tarifas básicas de DIGI recibieran el hardware Wi-Fi más reciente. Este enfoque ha impulsado la rápida adopción del Wi-Fi 6, con una penetración superior al 46% en enero. DIGI sigue siendo el único proveedor español en el que el Wi-Fi 6 representa una cuota mayor de su base de conexiones que Wi-Fi 5, lo que contribuye a su liderazgo en rendimiento de velocidad de descarga fija en el mercado

    Sobre esta base, el año pasado DIGI se convirtió en el primer operador español en lanzar una solución CPE Wi-Fi 7 en colaboración con ZTE, e incluyó inicialmente el hardware con sus tarifas premium ‘Pro-DIGI’, que aprovechan XGS-PON para ofrecer velocidades simétricas anunciadas de hasta 10 Gbps. Sin embargo, la adopción sigue siendo limitada, y el Wi-Fi 7 representó menos del 1% de las muestras de Speedtest en DIGI en enero.

Los nuevos estándares Wi-Fi mejoran el rendimiento en todas las métricas e ISP españoles

A pesar de la amplia variación en la adopción de estándares Wi-Fi entre los ISP españoles, un resultado común es que los nuevos modelos de CPE impulsan mejoras en el rendimiento significativas en todas las métricas. En particular, Wi-Fi 6 y Wi-Fi 7 desempeñan un papel clave en la reducción de la diferencia entre las velocidades de fibra anunciadas -que normalmente se consiguen a través de Ethernet por cable- y el rendimiento inalámbrico real en los hogares españoles.

Wi-Fi 6 y Wi-Fi 7 impulsan mejoras sustanciales en todos los ISP y métricas
Speedtest Intelligence® | Enero 2025

A finales de 2024, las velocidades medianas de descarga en Wi-Fi 7 en España alcanzaron los 664,25 Mbps, superando las de Wi-Fi 6 en un 58% y duplicando con creces las velocidades de Wi-Fi 5. Por su parte, las velocidades medianas de carga en Wi-Fi 7, mejoradas por características como la Operación Multienlace (MLO), que permite transmisiones simultáneas a través de múltiples bandas de espectro, alcanzaron los 449,69 Mbps, un 28% más que en Wi-Fi 6 y un 51% por encima de Wi-Fi 5. El Wi-Fi 7 también ofreció notables mejoras de latencia, con una latencia mediana de 19 ms, hasta un 12% inferior a la de Wi-Fi 6.

Wi-Fi 7 es clave para aprovechar el potencial de las tarifas de fibra multi gigabit
Speedtest Intelligence® | Enero 2025

La proliferación de tarifas multi-gigabit con XGS-PON, que ha progresado más lentamente en España que en otros mercados ricos en fibra, como Francia, pero que ahora se está acelerando gracias a los movimientos de operadores como DIGI y Orange, subraya la necesidad de CPE capaces de utilizar plenamente las velocidades provisionadas y extender el rendimiento gigabit por todo el hogar. Los datos de Speedtest Intelligence revelan que los primeros despliegues de CPE Wi-Fi 7 son los primeros en alcanzar velocidades medias de descarga superiores a 1 Gbps en el percentil 90 en España, lo que demuestra cómo los avances técnicos de Wi-Fi 7, como un mayor ancho de banda de canal y una modulación más alta, se están convirtiendo en diferenciadores clave de la tecnología en el segmento premium.

Las nuevas generaciones de Wi-Fi promueven mejoras en la latencia
Speedtest Intelligence® | Enero 2025

Impulsar la adopción de los nuevos estándares Wi-Fi requiere nuevas estrategias, pero crea nuevas oportunidades de ingresos para los ISP

A medida que los mercados avanzados de fibra (como el español) maduran, la atención pasa de centrarse simplemente en ofrecer velocidades gigabit hasta la puerta de casa a garantizar un rendimiento sin fisuras en todo el hogar, que satisfaga las diversas demandas de los dispositivos conectados emergentes. Como resultado, las inversiones para mejorar la experiencia Wi-Fi a través del CPE suministrado por el ISP serán clave para diferenciar las tarifas multi-gigabit más allá del precio y garantizar que se pueda aprovechar todo el potencial de las conexiones de fibra. 

España debe acelerar la modernización de su base Wi-Fi para capitalizar plenamente las importantes inversiones en XGS-PON, ofrecer mejoras significativas en la calidad de la experiencia (QoE) para los consumidores y alcanzar a los mercados líderes de los países nórdicos. Los operadores españoles pueden seguir el ejemplo de países vecinos como Francia, donde las actualizaciones de CPE se incluyen en las actualizaciones de velocidad de las tarifas, y los programas de intercambio y sustitución identifican y eliminan sistemáticamente el hardware Wi-Fi heredado para impulsar la adopción de equipos Wi-Fi 6 y 7 de nueva generación. Los recientes movimientos de ISP como Movistar para eliminar el CPE heredado y ofrecer soluciones Wi-Fi 6 de serie son una prueba de los avances en este sentido.

Los principales ISP europeos que han dado prioridad a la concienciación de los consumidores sobre los estándares Wi-Fi y su impacto en el rendimiento de la fibra, al tiempo que han modernizado su base de CPE Wi-Fi para dar soporte a ofertas rentables como las garantías de velocidad mínima en cada habitación, están viendo beneficios tangibles. Esta estrategia no sólo mejora la experiencia general de la banda ancha fija, sino que también desbloquea nuevas fuentes de ingresos a través de la diferenciación del servicio.

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| December 16, 2024

DIGI makes a splash as fourth MNO in Belgium, leans on convergence

Belgium’s new entrant jolts the market with aggressive pricing, eyes Wi-Fi 7 in bid for QoE advantage

Romania’s DIGI has taken another bold step in its ambitious multi-country expansion strategy—the largest in Europe in over a decade—by launching fixed and mobile services in Belgium. It is replicating its signature disruptor strategy to swiftly capture market share, introducing a cut-price mobile tariff priced at €5 per month for 15 GB of data, alongside a fixed broadband offering at €10 per month for a 500 Mbps full-fibre connection.

The long-anticipated commercial launch is founded on a rebranded joint venture between Citymesh (51%), a subsidiary of IT services group Cegeka specialising in the B2B segment, and RCS & RDS, a subsidiary of the DIGI group. A five-year national roaming agreement with Proximus, Belgium’s largest mobile operator, has enabled DIGI’s market entry while it works to deploy its own greenfield radio infrastructure. DIGI aims to achieve 30% 5G population coverage by the end of 2025 and establish a network of 4,500 sites by the end of this decade.

As part of this roaming agreement, Proximus proposed to decommission and transfer around 400 of its own mobile sites to InSky, the company responsible for deploying the infrastructure for DIGI and Citymesh. With extensive spectrum holdings, including assets in the 700, 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz bands, along with a valuable 50 MHz of unpaired 3.6 GHz spectrum and 2.6 GHz frequencies it secured from neutral host operator Dense Air, it is fully equipped to execute its mobile network rollout. 


DIGI subscribers rely on Proximus’ 4G network as it races to deploy its own 5G Standalone (SA) infrastructure

Subscribers to the new operator may initially be surprised by the limited availability of 5G services. DIGI’s roaming agreement with Proximus is restricted to its 4G network, with 5G access reliant on the progress of DIGI’s own greenfield site deployment. Whether this rollout will enhance Belgium’s international standing in 5G coverage remains to be seen, as the country continues to lag behind most of its developed peers due to delays in network deployment caused by conflicts between regional governments at the start of the 5G cycle. 

Belgium continues to lag its neighbours in 5G Availability
Speedtest Intelligence® | Q3 2023 – Q3 2024

Analysis of Speedtest Intelligence® data from Q3 2024 reveals that Proximus, DIGI’s roaming partner, led the market in 4G download speed performance. Proximus’ subscribers enjoyed median 4G download speeds of 55.68 Mbps in the period, outperforming Telenet (47.91 Mbps) and Orange (36.22 Mbps). 

DIGI subscribers will roam on Proximus' 4G network, which leads the Belgian market in 4G download speed performance
Speedtest Intelligence® | Q3 2023 – Q3 2024

However, this performance advantage does not extend to network reach. In Q3 2024, Proximus lagged behind its competitors in 4G Availability. Telenet led the market with 93.74% 4G Availability, followed by Orange at 86.02% and Proximus at 81.07%. Proximus’ comparatively lower 4G Availability has also contributed to its subscribers spending more time on 3G than those of other operators. On Proximus’ network, 11.21% of devices spent the majority of their time on 3G, compared to 7.92% on Orange’s network and just 3.41% on Telenet’s network. 

Proximus' subscribers spend more time on 2G and 3G compared to competitors, primarily due to lower 4G Availability
Speedtest Intelligence® | Q3 2024


Fibre ambitions put convergence and Wi-Fi 7 in the spotlight

DIGI’s ambitions in Belgium extend beyond disrupting the mobile market—it is taking aim at fixed broadband too. The operator has introduced ‘DIGI Fiber’, bringing its signature aggressive pricing to the FTTH market. Launching with a limited footprint in select Brussels suburbs, DIGI Fiber offers download speeds of up to 10 Gbps for as little as €20 per month. It plans to scale this fibre footprint rapidly, as it has done in Spain, targeting 2 million households within two years.

DIGI’s fibre offering is highly competitive in the Belgian market context, promising speeds that are many multiples of the country-wide median of 101.97 Mbps observed across fixed networks in Belgium in Q3 2024. While Proximus’ fibre service led the market during this period with median download speeds of 303.25 Mbps, DIGI’s entry may disrupt the market order. 

Proximus Fiber leads in fixed download speed performance across Belgium's largest cities
Speedtest Intelligence® | Q3 2024

The operator is placing significant emphasis on Wi-Fi performance as part of its foray into the home, providing Wi-Fi 6-capable CPE as standard and preparing to introduce Wi-Fi 7 solutions “soon” for customers subscribing to its 10 Gbps service. This follows the playbook of other leading fixed operators seeking to differentiate fibre services through an enhanced focus on quality of experience (QoE) in the home, with BT’s EE in the UK and Iliad’s Free in France also debuting Wi-Fi 7 solutions in a bid to sell premium fibre experiences.

DIGI aims to leverage converged bundling of fixed and mobile tariffs to maximise customer retention and minimise churn, as it seeks to position itself as a leader in both price and network quality in Belgium. However, this convergence strategy is far from novel in the Belgian market, where competitors have successfully offered triple- and quad-play bundles for years. Notably, DIGI has yet to introduce a TV service in Belgium, leaving a gap in its bundling proposition at launch. 


Has DIGI precipitated a race to the bottom in Belgium?

DIGI’s arrival disrupts a market long known for generating some of the highest average revenue per user (ARPU) levels in Western and Central Europe, coupled with a higher degree of market concentration compared to other countries in the region, based on analysis of GSMA Intelligence data. In Q3 2024, Belgian operators reported a monthly ARPU of €18.26, significantly outpacing neighbouring markets such as the Netherlands (€13.15) and Germany (€11.03).

Belgian operators maintain higher ARPU levels compared to many other European markets
Analysis of GSMA Intelligence data | Q3 2024

Market incumbents have been bracing for an intense price war for some time. Earlier this year, Proximus cut its dividend, increased debt and struck agreements with alt-nets to accelerate its fibre rollout in Flanders. In a strategic counter move, Orange responded to DIGI’s aggressive mobile pricing by launching an equivalently priced tariff through its budget-focused ‘Hey!’ sub-brand, setting the stage for a race to the bottom in Belgium’s telecoms market.

This development shifts the Belgian market from a three- to four-player structure, marking a notable countertrend at a time when regulators in Brussels are signalling a softer stance on merger reviews and competition policy. It also follows closely on the heels of the Vodafone-Three merger approval in the UK, highlighting the increasingly diverse regulatory dynamics at play across Europe. 

DIGI's success in Spain has been a cornerstone of its revenue growth, fueling its expansion ambitions in Belgium
Analysis of DIGI Group financial accounts | 2018 – 2024

Regardless of the outcome in the Belgian market, this marks a critical litmus test for DIGI’s growth ambition in Western Europe. Over the past decade, the Bucharest-based group has nearly tripled its annual revenues, growing from €624 million in 2013 to over €1.69 billion in 2023. It continues to distinguish itself through an obsessive strategic focus on operational efficiency—a model that has been similarly instrumental to Iliad’s success in Europe and its ability to achieve economies of scale. 

This emphasis on a lean organisational structure has not dampened its long-term investment commitments. Last year alone, DIGI splurged €729.7 million on network spending and sold part of its fixed network in Spain to unlock additional funds for reinvestment, as it navigates a period of record capital intensity across its markets. 

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.

| July 7, 2025

Wi-Fi 7 Slow to Catch On in Canada | Le Wi-Fi 7 peine à s'implanter au Canada

French/Français

Fiber ISPs have the Upper Hand in Upload Speed and Latency

Wi-Fi 7 has been commercially available for over a year, but has only gained a small foothold in Canada. Each new technology generation increases the performance over previous generations. This slow adoption of Wi-Fi 7 raises the question of whether Canadians are missing out on a better connectivity experience. This article looks at the growth of Wi-Fi 7 in Canada and compares its performance against prior Wi-Fi generations across top fixed internet service providers (ISP).

Key Takeaways:

  • Wi-Fi 7 adoption is less than 1%, according to its share of fixed samples of Speedtest user data. As a primary means for households to acquire new hardware, it’s significant that only one major ISP (Rogers) has just started to include Wi-Fi 7 routers with its internet plans.
  • Fiber is much faster in the uplink and much quicker in latency than cable across all Wi-Fi generations.
  • Customer ratings of their ISP improves with each generation of Wi-Fi, from 2.7 stars for Wi-Fi 4 to 4.6 stars for Wi-Fi 7.

Wi-Fi by Technology Standard and the Growth of Wi-Fi 7

Wi-Fi Generations Mix
Speedtest Intelligence data, Canada, Q1 2025

  • Wi-Fi 4 (802.11n), introduced in 2009, hangs onto 12.7% of Speedtest user samples
  • Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac) arrived in 2013 and registers a 34.1% share
  • Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax), which came to market in 2019, and its extension, Wi-Fi 6E, introduced in early 2021, together account for a majority 52.6% share
  • Wi-Fi 7 (802.11be) came along early in 2024 and has garnered just 0.6% through Q1 2025
[Note: 6 and 6E are the same IEEE standard. 6E in this article is 6 GHz only in order to allow for discrete analysis of this spectrum band. Wi-Fi 6E samples on 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz are included with Wi-Fi 6. PC Mag explains.]

Slow and steady, but mostly slow

Wi-Fi 7 as percentage of total Wi-Fi based on Speedtest users (share of samples)

Q1 2024Q2 2024Q3 2024Q4 2024Q1 2025
Canada0.0%0.1%0.2%0.3%0.6%
United States0.2%0.3%0.5%0.8%1.8%

Wi-Fi 7 adoption in Canada is roughly one-third of the rate in the U.S. This may be systemic. In the U.S., for example, cable provider Spectrum (Charter Communications) started offering its Wi-Fi 7 router in November last year. Rogers has only just started to promote a Wi-Fi 7 router bundled with one of its plans, claiming to be the first in Canada, albeit in just one city initially. This seven-month gap in these two announcements matches the two-quarter lag seen in Speedtest data.

The role of ISPs providing equipment is critical in the U.S. Seventy-one percent (71%) of internet households in the U.S. get their routers from their ISP, according to research published in April  this year from Parks Associates. If Canada is similar, then this step by Rogers is critical to advancing the growth of this Wi-Fi generation.

The ISPs listed are the five largest Wi-Fi 7 providers in Speedtest Intelligence data based on total Speedtest user samples on Wi-Fi 7.

Wi-Fi Download Speed, Upload Speed, Latency | All and Top 5 Fixed Providers
Speedtest Intelligence data, Canada, Q1 2025. Median values. Wi-Fi 7 sample size is small for Cogeco and Videotron

For all providers, the increase in median download speed for each Wi-Fi generation is expected. Wi-Fi 6E, not technically a generation, demonstrates that the 6 GHz spectrum performance in isolation can top Wi-Fi 7 – 885.01 Mbps vs. 762.68 Mbps for all providers, respectively. Wi-Fi 7 includes samples from slower bands of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. So, even with the newest capabilities of Wi-Fi 7, the physical characteristics of a house, for example, can mean that the better coverage propagation of 2.4 GHz gives a better connection than 6 GHz.

Wi-Fi 7 benefits from double the channel bandwidth and four-times the modulation, as well as a feature called Multi-Link Operation (MLO) which allows data to travel across all frequency bands rather than one. As this analysis is focused on results rather than technical specifications, for those interested in learning more about Wi-Fi 7 capabilities, see The Ultimate Wi-Fi 7 Upgrade Guide by Ekahau (a Ziff Davis company, as is Ookla).

The most significant opportunities for improving customer experience lie in addressing the performance of legacy Wi-Fi generations. E-cycling Wi-Fi 4 and 5 routers for newer technology could provide an immediate performance boost for customers of any ISP. This is particularly true for Rogers and Bell Pure Fibre, which stand tallest for their Wi-Fi 6E and 7 median download speeds.

This performance boost includes upload speeds and latency as well, especially for Bell Pure Fibre and TELUS PureFibre. Median upload speeds leap from a little over 38 Mbps on Wi-Fi 4 to 700.44 Mbps and 655.56 Mbps on Wi-Fi 7, respectively.

Cable ISPs – Cogeco, Rogers, Videotron – are technology limited in the uplink. Although for Rogers, it has and is deploying fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) in Ontario and Atlantic Canada. Roger’s FTTH contributes to the improving upload speed trends expected with the newer Wi-Fi generations. Cogeco and Videotron show little differentiation in median upload speeds by Wi-Fi generation, apart from a step-up from Wi-Fi 4 to anything newer.

This same performance difference in the uplink repeats in multi-server latency. Again, anything not Wi-Fi 4 is better; and fiber has an advantage over cable. This same fiber vs cable performance pattern – that is, (1) close on download speeds, but (2) cable slower on upload speeds and (3) cable lagging on latency –  is observed in the U.S. as well.

Wi-Fi 7 – Star of the Show

Speed and lag are critical in determining the customer experience. Customer experience relative to one’s expectations determines customer perception. Customer perception is captured by “sentiment” metrics like ratings or stars, satisfaction percentages, or loyalty and recommendation metrics like Net Promoter Score (NPS).

Taking a look at Speedtest user ratings of their ISP on a five star rating scale, just as seen with download speed, upload speed and latency, each newer generation of Wi-Fi is attended by better consumer sentiment. To be clear, these are Speedtest users’ scores for their ISP by Wi-Fi generation, not a score for the routers themselves.

Mean Star Ratings (1 – 5) by Wi-Fi Generation, Speedtest Intelligence data, Q1 2025, Canada

Wi-FI 4Wi-Fi 5Wi-Fi 6Wi-Fi 6EWi-Fi 7
2.73.63.84.14.6

A legacy of older Wi-Fi router generations in an ISP’s customer base limits the customer experience. So too with the transport technology (eg, DOCSIS 3.0). Furthermore, Wi-Fi 7 may need new consumer-premise cabling; some Wi-Fi 7 capable devices may not support the full channel width; and so on. This is to say that technology bottlenecks are possible at each node in the ecosystem. Getting this all lined up to match the service capabilities to the right-fit rate plan that meets the customer needs is Rubik’s Cube. More awareness, better education, and technology transparency will help realize the potential of Wi-Fi 7.

Ookla can assist ISPs, venue owners, and companies in designing Wi-Fi networks, monitoring their performance, and optimizing them. Please contact us to learn more about Speedtest Intelligence and our Wi-Fi expertise at Ekahau.


Other recent Wi-Fi 7 reporting from Ookla


Le Wi-Fi 7 peine à s’implanter au Canada

Les Fournisseurs de Service Internet  par fibre optique ont l’avantage en matière de vitesse de téléversement et de latence

Le Wi-Fi 7 est disponible sur le marché depuis plus d’un an, mais il n’a réussi à prendre qu’une faible part du marché résidentiel au Canada. Chaque nouvelle génération améliore les performances par rapport à la précédente. Cette lente adoption soulève la question : les Canadiens passent-ils à côté d’une meilleure expérience de connectivité? Cet article examine la croissance du Wi-Fi 7 au Canada et compare ses performances à celles des générations Wi-Fi antérieures chez les principaux Fournisseurs de Services Internet (FSI) fixes.

Points Clés :

  • L’adoption du Wi-Fi 7 est inférieure à 1 %, selon sa part des utilisateurs de l’application Speedtest via des connexions fixes. Étant donné que les forfaits des FSI sont le principal moyen pour les foyers d’acquérir de nouveaux équipements (routeur), il est significatif qu’un seul FSI majeur ait tout juste commencé à inclure des routeurs Wi-Fi 7 dans ses offres.
  • La fibre optique est beaucoup plus rapide pour le téléversement (uplink) et offre une latence bien plus faible que le câble, et ce, pour toutes les générations de Wi-Fi.
  • Les évaluations des FSI par leurs clients s’améliorent à chaque nouvelle génération de Wi-Fi, passant de 2,7 étoiles pour le Wi-Fi 4 à 4,6 étoiles pour le Wi-Fi 7 en moyenne.

Le répartition du Wi-Fi par technologie et la croissance du Wi-Fi 7

Wi-Fi Génération Proportion
Données de Speedtest Intelligence, Canada, T1 2025

  • Le Wi-Fi 4 (802.11n), introduit en 2009, conserve 12,7 % des échantillons d’utilisateurs de Speedtest.
  • Le Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac), arrivé en 2013, enregistre une part de 34,1 %.
  • Le Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax), lancé en 2019, et son extension, le Wi-Fi 6E (introduit début 2021), représentent ensemble une part majoritaire de 52,6 %.
  • Le Wi-Fi 7 (802.11be), apparu début 2024, n’a recueilli que 0,6 %des échantillons à compter du premier trimestre de 2025.

[N.B. Le Wi-Fi 6 et le 6E partagent la même norme IEEE. Dans cet article, le 6E ne concerne que la bande de 6 GHz, afin de permettre une analyse distincte de cette bande de fréquence. Les échantillons Wi-Fi 6E sur 2,4 GHz ou 5 GHz sont inclus avec le Wi-Fi 6.]

Lentement mais sûrement, mais surtout lentement

Part des échantillons d’utilisateurs de l’application Speedtest sur Wi-Fi 7 

T1 2024T2 2024T3 2024T4 2024T1 2025
Canada0,0%0,1%0,2%0,3%0,6%
États-Unis0,2%0,3%0,5%0,8%1,8%

L’adoption du Wi-Fi 7 au Canada correspond à environ un tiers du taux observé aux États-Unis, ce qui pourrait apparaître comme systémique. Aux États-Unis, le fournisseur internet par câble Spectrum (Charter Communications) a par exemple commencé à offrir son routeur Wi-Fi 7 en novembre de l’année dernière. Rogers vient tout juste de commencer à promouvoir un routeur Wi-Fi 7 inclus dans l’un de ses forfaits, se présentant ainsi comme le premier au Canada à offrir ce service , bien qu’initialement dans un nombre limité de villes. Cet écart de sept mois entre les deux annonces correspond au décalage de deux trimestres observé dans les données de Speedtest.

Les Fournisseurs de Service Internet ont un rôle crucial à jouer. Soixante et onze pour cent (71 %) des foyers américains reçoivent leur routeur de leur FSI, selon une étude publiée en avril de cette année par Parks Associates. Si la situation est similaire au Canada, cette initiative de Rogers est essentielle pour faire progresser cette génération de Wi-Fi.

Les FSI listés ci-dessous sont les cinq plus grands fournisseurs de Wi-Fi 7 selon les données de Speedtest Intelligence, basées sur le nombre total d’échantillons d’utilisateurs de l’application Speedtest sur Wi-Fi 7.

Vitesse de téléchargement, téléversement, latence multi-serveurs médiane par FSI et génération de Wi-Fi
Données de Speedtest Intelligence, Canada, T1 2025. La taille de l'échantillon pour le Wi-Fi 7 est faible pour Cogeco et Vidéotron.

Pour tous les fournisseurs, l’augmentation de la vitesse de téléchargement médiane à chaque génération de Wi-Fi est attendue. Le Wi-Fi 6E, qui n’est pas techniquement une génération, démontre que la performance de la bande de spectre de 6 GHz, prise séparément, peut dépasser celle du Wi-Fi 7 – 885,01 Mbit/s contre 762,68 Mbit/s pour l’ensemble des fournisseurs. Ceci peut s’expliquer par le fait que  Wi-Fi 7 inclut des échantillons provenant des bandes 2,4 GHz et 5 GHz, dont la performance est généralement plus lente. D’un autre côté, les caractéristiques physiques d’un logement peuvent avoir un impact, par exemple dû à  la meilleure propagation de la bande 2,4 GHz offrant ainsi une meilleure connexion que celle de 6 GHz.

Le Wi-Fi 7 bénéficie d’une bande passante de canal deux fois supérieure et d’une modulation quatre fois supérieure, ainsi que d’une fonction appelée Multi-Link Operation (MLO) ou Opération Multi-liens qui permet aux données de circuler sur toutes les bandes de fréquences simultanément plutôt qu’une seule. Comme cette analyse se concentre sur les résultats plutôt que sur les spécifications techniques, ceux qui souhaitent en savoir plus sur les capacités du Wi-Fi 7 peuvent consulter The Ultimate Wi-Fi 7 Upgrade Guide par Ekahau (une société de Ziff Davis, comme Ookla).

Les opportunités les plus significatives pour améliorer l’expérience client résident dans l’amélioration des performances des anciennes générations de Wi-Fi. Le recyclage des routeurs Wi-Fi 4 et 5 au profit de technologies plus récentes pourrait offrir une amélioration immédiate des performances pour les clients quel que soit leur FSI. C’est particulièrement vrai pour Rogers et Bell Pure Fibre, qui se distinguent par leurs vitesses de téléchargement médianes en Wi-Fi 6E et 7.

Cette amélioration des performances inclut également les vitesses de téléversement et la latence, en particulier pour Bell Pure Fibre et TELUS PureFibre. Les vitesses de téléversement médianes bondissent d’un peu plus de 38 Mbit/s en Wi-Fi 4 à 700,44 Mbit/s et 655,56 Mbit/s en Wi-Fi 7, respectivement.

Les FSI comme Cogeco, Rogers et Vidéotron sont technologiquement limités pour le téléversement. Rogers a déployé et continue de déployer la fibre jusqu’au domicile (FTTH) en Ontario et dans le Canada atlantique. La fibre FTTH de Rogers contribue aux tendances d’amélioration des vitesses de téléversement attendues avec les nouvelles générations de Wi-Fi. Cogeco et Vidéotron montrent peu de différenciation dans les vitesses de téléversement médianes par génération de Wi-Fi, mis à part un bond entre le Wi-Fi 4 et les technologies plus récentes.

Cette même différence de performance dans le téléversement se répète pour la latence multi-serveurs. Encore une fois, toute technologie plus récente que le Wi-Fi 4 offre de meilleures performances, et la fibre a un avantage certain sur le câble. Ce même schéma de performance fibre contre câble – c’est-à-dire (1) des vitesses de téléchargement similaires, mais (2) un téléversement plus lent pour le câble et (3) une latence plus élevée pour le câble – est également observé aux États-Unis.

Wi-Fi 7 – La vedette du spectacle

La vitesse et la latence sont essentielles pour déterminer l’expérience client par rapport à leurs attentes. La perception du client est capturée par des métriques de « sentiment » comme les évaluations sur une échelle allant de 1 à 5 étoiles, les pourcentages de satisfaction, ou des métriques de fidélité et de recommandation comme l’Indice de Recommandation Net (Net Promoter Score NPS).

En examinant les évaluations des FSI par les utilisateurs de Speedtest sur une échelle de une à cinq étoiles, on constate que, tout comme pour la vitesse de téléchargement, la vitesse de téléversement et la latence, chaque nouvelle génération de Wi-Fi s’accompagne d’un meilleurs sentiment de satisfaction des consommateurs. Pour être clair, il s’agit des notes attribuées par les utilisateurs de Speedtest à leur FSI par génération de Wi-Fi, et non d’une note pour les routeurs eux-mêmes.

Évaluations moyennes allant de 1 à 5 étoiles par génération de Wi-Fi, données de Speedtest Intelligence, T1 2025, Canada

Wi-FI 4Wi-Fi 5Wi-Fi 6Wi-Fi 6EWi-Fi 7
2,73,63,84,14,6

La présence d’anciennes générations de routeurs Wi-Fi dans la base de clients d’un FSI a un impact certain sur l’expérience client. Il en va de même pour la technologie de transport (par ex., DOCSIS 3.0). De plus, le Wi-Fi 7 pourrait nécessiter un nouveau câblage chez le client; certains appareils compatibles Wi-Fi 7 pourraient ne pas supporter la pleine largeur de bande du canal, etc. Cela signifie que des goulots d’étranglement technologiques sont possibles à chaque nœud de l’écosystème. Aligner tout cela pour faire correspondre les capacités du service au bon forfait qui répond aux besoins du client est un véritable casse-tête. Une plus grande sensibilisation, une meilleure éducation et une transparence technologique aideront à réaliser le potentiel du Wi-Fi 7.

Ookla peut aider les FSI, les propriétaires de lieux publics et les entreprises à concevoir, surveiller et optimiser leurs réseaux Wi-Fi. Veuillez nous contacter pour en savoir plus sur Speedtest Intelligence et notre expertise Wi-Fi chez Ekahau.


Autres articles récents d’Ookla sur le Wi-Fi 7

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.

| June 11, 2025

Wi-Fi 7 Speeds Up in the U.S.

Cable has the fastest-growing Wi-Fi 7, but Fiber has the fastest Wi-Fi 7 speeds

Editor’s note: This article was revised on June 12 to reflect that Verizon’s median download speeds are a result of its rate plans and for clarity about cable technology.

Wi-Fi 7 has been around for over a year. If you haven’t noticed this latest generation of Wi-Fi technology, it might be because it is still just gaining a foothold. But even for those who haven’t yet heard of Wi-Fi 7, one can surmise that a new technology generation will have better performance than what’s come before. This article looks at the growth of Wi-Fi 7 in the United States, then compares its performance against prior Wi-Fi generations across top fixed internet service providers (ISP).

Key Takeaways:

  • Wi-Fi 7 adoption is less than 2%, according to its share of fixed samples of Speedtest user data. ISPs are beginning to include Wi-Fi 7 routers in their service bundle, which is the primary means for households to acquire routers.
  • Wi-Fi 7 speed is faster, as expected, even delivering gig-speed for one fiber ISP. However, cable providers, which are competitive with fiber speeds on the downlink, have much slower uplink speeds and more lag on latency. Cable companies have 30% more of the older Wi-Fi 4 and 5 routers than fiber companies, constraining the potential customer experience.
  • Net Promoter Score (NPS) improves with each generation of Wi-Fi, with an immense gulf from -38 for Wi-Fi 4 to +45 for Wi-Fi 7.

Wi-Fi in the U.S. by Technology Standard and the Growth of Wi-Fi 7

Wi-Fi Generations Mix
Speedtest Intelligence data, United States, Q1 2025

Generation breakdown:

  • Wi-Fi 4 (802.11n), introduced in 2009, hangs onto 13.0% of Speedtest user samples
  • Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac) arrived in 2013 and registers a 33.0% share
  • Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) came to market in 2019 and 6E (also 802.11ax) added in early 2021 together account for a majority 52.3% share
  • Wi-Fi 7 (802.11be) came along early in 2024 and has garnered just 1.8% through Q1 2025

[NB: 6 and 6E are the same IEEE standard. 6E in this article is 6 GHz only, to allow for discrete analysis of this spectrum band. Wi-Fi 6E router samples on 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz are included with Wi-Fi 6. PC Mag explains.]

Wi-Fi 7’s Early Shoots

Wi-Fi 7 Speedtest user samples as share of total Wi-Fi Speedtest samples, Speedtest Intelligence data:

Q1 2024Q2 2024Q3 2024Q4 2024Q1 2025
0.2%0.3%0.5%0.8%1.8%

Wi-Fi 7 adoption started slowly and was less than 1% share through all of 2024, but then it more than doubled in Q1 2025 vs. Q4 2024, as more providers began offering Wi-Fi 7 routers as part of the service bundle. The role of ISPs providing equipment is critical. Seventy-one percent (71%) of internet households in the U.S. get their routers from their ISP, according to recent research from Parks Associates. For example, Spectrum (Charter Communications) began offering its Wi-Fi 7 router late last year and tripled its adoption over these two quarters, allowing the company to claim that it is the fastest growing Wi-Fi 7 provider as of Q1 2025.

The ISPs listed in the chart are the ten largest Wi-Fi 7 providers in Speedtest Intelligence data based on total Speedtest user samples on Wi-Fi 7.

Wi-Fi Performance by Generation

Median Download Speeds (Mbps), All and Top 10 Fixed Providers
Speedtest Intelligence data, United States, Q1 2025

For all providers, the increase in median download speed for each Wi-Fi generation is expected. At the top end, Wi-Fi 7 at 764.15 Mbps, even with Wi-Fi 7 including samples from slower bands of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, is still faster by 51.64 Mbps than Wi-Fi 6E at 712.51 Mbps. However, among the individual ISPs, there are some ISPs where 6E is faster than Wi-Fi 7. Even with the newest capabilities of Wi-Fi 7, the physical characteristics of a house, for example, can mean that the better coverage propagation characteristics of 2.4 GHz gives a better connection than 6 GHz.

Wi-Fi 7 benefits from double the channel bandwidth and four-times the modulation, as well as a feature called Multi-Link Operation (MLO) which allows data to travel across all frequency bands rather than one. As this analysis is focused on results rather than technical specifications, for those interested in learning more about Wi-Fi 7 capabilities, see The Ultimate Wi-Fi 7 Upgrade Guide by Ekahau (a Ziff Davis company, as is Ookla).

Among the top 10 ISPs, older generation Wi-Fi 4 and Wi-Fi 5 median download speeds generally cluster in similar ranges, respectively, though CenturyLink (Lumen) is slower due to a large portion of its customer base being on slower, copper-based broadband service. In its Q1 2025 earnings report, Lumen reported 1.1 million subscribers on fiber and 1.4 million customers primarily on the slower service.

Verizon’s relatively slower median download speeds on the newer Wi-Fi generations (6, 6E, 7) are likely due to customer rate plan mix.

Frontier, Verizon’s acquisition target, is clearly the fastest on Wi-Fi 7 and records the only gigabit median download speed of 1.011 Gbps.

Median Upload Speeds (Mbps), All and Top 10 Fixed Providers
Speedtest Intelligence data, United States, Q1 2025

As with download speeds, the upload speeds for all providers follow the expected path of getting faster with each newer Wi-Fi generation. However, among the ISPs, there is greater variation in the upload than the download. In particular, the cable ISPs – Cox Communications, Spectrum (Charter Communications), Xfinity (Comcast Corporation) – lagging behind the symmetrical speed of fiber, are far below in the uplink speed. The Wi-Fi 7 average of the median upload speeds of the three cable companies is just 64.40 Mbps vs. 595.75 for the seven fiber companies.

On Wi-Fi 4 and 5, the three cable companies average 47.1% of samples (almost half) while the seven fiber companies average 36.3% of samples on these older generations. The Wi-Fi 5 average of the median upload speeds of the three cable companies is just 27.65 Mbps vs. 178.17 Mbps for the seven fiber companies.  

If older cable technology tracks with the Wi-Fi router generations, then the cable companies have a slow-to-change portion of their customer base who will need targeted incentives to upgrade. The cellular industry markets its generations and consumers know, for example, that they need a 5G phone to be on a 5G network. But Wi-Fi, as a category, has not educated consumers to the same extent such that consumers could experience better connectivity with, for example, the latest router (assuming they even know the technology generation of their current router). And, given that the vast majority of a consumers’ mobile traffic is via Wi-Fi – and basically all of the home internet – this is an opportunity for the industry to align the network capability with the service plan with the router with the end device.

As with download speed, again Frontier clocks a blazing median upload speed of 0.9 Gbps (866.85 Mbps).

Median Multi-Server Latency (ms), All and Top 10 Fixed Providers
Speedtest Intelligence data, United States, Q1 2025

Just as with speeds, latency tracks its improvements by Wi-Fi generation for all providers. However, it is arguable from a consumer relevance perspective that Wi-Fi 5, 6, and 6E provide essentially the same latency experience across all providers. 

Also as with speed, the fiber companies (apart from MetroNet) have better performance on latencies than the cable companies. On average for Wi-Fi 7, the cable companies latency is 25 milliseconds (ms) vs. 15 ms for the fiber companies (including MetroNet, and including copper customers mentioned above).

The best performer on latency is the aptly named Ziply Fiber, with as-low-as or lower Wi-Fi 4 latency than other ISPs have on Wi-Fi 7 (12 ms), and Ziply is the only provider in single-digit Wi-Fi 7 latency (8 ms).

Wi-Fi 4 Nostalgia? Sentimental is bad for Sentiment

Speed and lag are critical in determining the customer experience. Customer experience relative to one’s expectations determines customer perception. The customer perception is captured by “sentiment” metrics like ratings or stars, satisfaction percentages, or loyalty and recommendation metrics like Net Promoter Score (NPS).

Taking a look at NPS by Wi-Fi generation, just as seen with download speed, upload speed and latency, each newer generation of Wi-Fi is attended by better consumer sentiment. To be clear, these are Speedtest users’ scores for their ISP by Wi-Fi generation, not a score for the routers themselves.

NPS by Wi-Fi Generation, Speedtest Intelligence data, Q1 2025:

Wi-FI 4Wi-Fi 5Wi-Fi 6Wi-Fi 6EWi-Fi 7
-383113045

As noted, a legacy of older Wi-Fi router generations in an ISP’s customer base, cable companies having more than fiber providers, limits the customer experience. So too with the transport technology (eg, DOCSIS 3.0). Furthermore, Wi-Fi 7 may need new consumer-premise cabling; some Wi-Fi 7 capable devices may not support the full channel width; and so on. This is to say that technology bottlenecks are possible at each node in the ecosystem. Getting this all lined up to match the service capabilities to the right-fit rate plan that meets the customer needs is Rubik’s Cube. More awareness, better education, and technology transparency will help realize the potential of Wi-Fi 7.

Ookla can assist ISPs, venue owners, and companies in designing Wi-Fi networks, monitoring their performance, and optimizing them. Please contact us to learn more about Speedtest Intelligence and Ekahau.


Other recent Wi-Fi 7 reporting: Wi-Fi 7 in Europe: France Leads in Differentiating Multi-Gigabit Fiber Experiences | Ookla®.


Sidebar

The significant merger and acquisition (M&A) activity among eight of our top ten Wi-Fi 7 providers is noteworthy: 

That leaves just Google Fiber and Xfinity on our top ten without recent, major M&A news. With so many providers (we count 59 ISPs in our data with Wi-Fi 7 samples, and there are more than a thousand fiber providers in the U.S.) in a capex-intensive industry, scale economics drives consolidation. Furthermore, there is a fiber-first imperative narrative that access technologies will converge over time, which also encourages industry consolidation.


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