| December 8, 2021

Belgium Falls Behind EU Peers, Faces 5G Regulatory Challenges


Lees in het Vlaams | Lire en français

Belgium represents an important cornerstone to the European community and is home to the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, European Parliament and the European Council. However, Belgium is behind the curve among its regional partners in terms of promoting 5G competition with only one 5G provider during the majority of 2021. In this article, we used Ookla® Speedtest Intelligence® to examine Belgium’s fixed and mobile internet performance speeds, as well as regional and provincial performance during Q3 2021. We also examined the European Quarter in Brussels using Ookla Cell Analytics to determine which mobile operators had the best signal level and quality.

The Netherlands leads among Belgium’s regional trading partners for fastest mobile

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Speedtest Intelligence reveals that the Netherlands had the fastest median mobile download speed among Belgium’s closest regional trade partners at 84.59 Mbps during Q3 2021. Switzerland and Luxembourg followed at 71.76 Mbps and 69.81 Mbps, respectively. Austria was next at 49.98 Mbps, followed by Belgium at 48.88 Mbps.

Switzerland and Spain set the European standard with fixed broadband speeds over 100.00 Mbps

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According to Speedtest Intelligence, Switzerland had the fastest median fixed broadband speed among Belgium and its regional trading partners at 104.58 Mbps during Q3 2021, edging out Spain’s 101.10 Mbps. The Netherlands and Luxembourg followed at 92.20 Mbps and 89.27 Mbps, respectively. Belgium’s median fixed broadband download speed of 72.90 Mbps was just slower than France’s at 75.47 Mbps.

BASE, Telenet and Proximus outpaced Orange for mobile

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Belgium’s fastest mobile provider was too close to call during Q3 2021 with BASE (56.83 Mbps), Telenet (56.73 Mbps) and Proximus (53.58 Mbps) leading the way. Orange was fourth at 39.09 Mbps. It also must be noted Telenet owns the BASE brand.

Telenet had the fastest fixed broadband speed

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Telenet had the fastest download speed over fixed broadband at 124.89 Mbps. This far outpaced VOO, which followed at 94.63 Mbps. Orange was next on the list at 82.20 Mbps, followed by Proximus (43.45 Mbps) and Scarlet (35.34 Mbps).

Flanders had faster mobile download speeds than Brussels and the Walloon region

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Speedtest Intelligence data uncovered a wide divide between Belgium’s more populous northern Flemish region and the less populous southern Walloon region on mobile performance during Q3 2021. Flanders had a median mobile download speed at 54.57 Mbps to Walloon’s 37.63 Mbps. The Capital Region of Brussels was squarely in the middle on mobile at 49.90 Mbps. This digital divide extended into province-level data, with almost every Flemish province achieving faster median download speeds than Walloon provinces.

Four Flemish provinces had mobile download speeds over 50 Mbps

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There was no statistically fastest mobile download speed among Belgium’s provinces, though Flemish Brabant (57.47 Mbps), Antwerp (57.30 Mbps), West Flanders (54.95 Mbps) and East Flanders (52.19 Mbps) all notched download speeds above 50.00 Mbps. The Luxembourg province (28.40 Mbps) and Province of Namur (28.71 Mbps) were the only Belgian provinces that fell short of reaching a median mobile download speed of 30.00 Mbps.

There was a wide divide between Flanders and the Walloon region on fixed broadband

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Speedtest Intelligence data revealed the digital divide among Belgium’s regions was even more distant on fixed broadband during Q3 2021. Flanders had a median fixed broadband download speed at 87.02 Mbps to the Walloon’s 55.66 Mbps. The Capital Region of Brussels was again in the middle at 60.40 Mbps.

Limburg was fastest province for fixed broadband

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Limburg had the fastest median download speed over fixed broadband at 90.07 Mbps, followed by East Flanders (86.68 Mbps), West Flanders (86.45 Mbps), Antwerp (85.23 Mbps) and Flemish Brabant (84.50 Mbps). There was no fastest province in Wallonia, though Walloon Brabant and the Province of Namur had the fastest median download speeds at 60.15 Mbps and 58.90, respectively.

4G LTE Signal Level and Quality varied by provider near the European Quarter in Brussels

We examined mobile performance in the European Quarter in Brussels using Cell Analytics data from the past 24 months. Each of these maps shows the strongest 4G Signal Level (RSRP) and Signal Quality (RSRQ) signals in this key area, which can assist mobile operators in improving their networks. Cell Analytics identifies the strongest RSRP and RSRQ by mobile network operator for a given area or building when there is a statistically significant winner and color codes that plot bin to the provider’s corresponding color. RSRP provider-level maps show the strength of a signal from individual providers for a given area, with pink and red showing a strong signal and blue indicating a weak signal. Since users can experience poor quality even with a strong signal level, resulting in audio interruptions or slow data speeds, RSRQ provider-level maps show the quality of an operator’s signal for a given area, with red showing a high-quality signal and blue indicating a lower-quality signal. We’ve also included the approximate locations of cell towers in the area.

Tight competition for best 4G LTE RSRP in Brussels

The image below shows where a provider had the strongest 4G LTE RSRP signal strength during the past 24 months. As you can see, BASE/Telenet had a strong presence in the center of the map, achieving the highest RSRP in our polygon area. Proximus and Orange had strong signals around the edges of the map, and Orange had the strongest RSRP in some of the key EU institutions, including the European Commission headquarters and the European Parliament.

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The maps below show where each top provider has high and low signal strength data in the European Quarter. BASE/Telenet showed very strong RSRP near the center of the map, particularly around the major EU buildings, Rue de la Loi and near Av. Marnix, though there were a few weaker areas just southwest of the European Parliament building. Orange showed areas of strong localized RSRP through the map, particularly in the southwest, with a weaker RSRP in blue in the northwest and in the center of the map. Proximus had some areas of strength along Rue de la Loi, and near the core of the European Quarter, though had weaker signals throughout.

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BASE/Telenet had the best RSRQ in Brussels’ European Quarter

According to Cell Analytics, BASE/Telenet had the highest RSRQ in the polygon area of the European Quarter we surveyed. The maps below show where each provider had the best RSRQ over the past 24 months, for both indoor and outdoor areas. The image below shows BASE/Telenet had areas near the center of the map of the best RSRQ, while Orange had the best RSRQ near the south of the map — particularly on Av. de la Couronne — and the outskirts of the map toward the east. Proximus had the best RSRQ in some areas of the European Quarter, particularly in the northwest around the Royal Palace of Brussels and Parc Léopold. Indoor RSRQ showed a similar story, with strong competition throughout the map, though Orange showed a stronger showing in the southwest of the map, as well as in some key EU buildings.

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The maps below show where each top provider had high and low quality RSRQ signal strength. BASE/Telenet showed very strong areas near the center of the map, particularly around the European Parliament, Square Frère-Orban Park and Parc du Cinquantenaire, though there were a few areas of lower quality just south of the European Parliament building. Orange showed areas of strong localized RSRQ, particularly in the near key EU buildings, though had lower RSRQ areas in blue in the northwest, center and southwest of the map. Proximus had a somewhat similar map to Orange, with areas of higher RSRQ in the east of the map and near the important EU buildings like the Council of the European Union, but generally had lower RSRQ throughout the center of the map, particularly along major throughways like Rue de la Loi.

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Belgium has opportunities for fast 5G, but consumers won’t benefit until operators and regulators make 5G easier to implement

Belgium faces a challenging 5G outlook. The Secretary of State for the Brussels Region, Pascal Smet, has indicated a desire to make “Brussels the technology capital of Europe” and a recently commissioned report for the Belgian regulator estimates 5G’s impact on Belgian society as delivering an additional EUR 4-6 billion to GDP annually by 2030, and a further 40,000-80,000 new jobs. However, the auction of key 5G bands has been repeatedly delayed, and as they stand, strict non-ionizing radiation (NIR) limits will ultimately limit the scale of 5G deployment in the market.

Belgium’s plans for a multi-band spectrum auction — including new frequencies for 5G and the renewal of existing licenses — have been on hold for years as a result of disagreements between regional and federal governments, particularly over how the proceeds should be distributed. The country lags behind many of its regional peers in terms of 5G deployment and adoption, and the continued delay led the Belgian regulator, the Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) to grant temporary 5G licenses during 2020. Recent proposals, which include holding the proceeds in escrow until agreement can be reached, appear to have broken the deadlock, and the auction is now expected to take place in Q2 2022.

Belgium also has to contend with some very stringent NIR limits, particularly in the Brussels region, which will serve to limit 5G deployment. The Regional Government adopted a “5G roadmap” in mid-July 2021 and is organizing working groups to draft a city-wide rollout plan, and make legislative changes. It has already moved to more than double the NIR limit, but despite this it remains lower than other Belgian regions — still well below EU proposals.

Under the draft legislation of the auction, operators would be required to cover 70% of the Belgian population with 5G within one year, increasing to 99.5% after two years. BIPT also plans to set aside spectrum for a potential fourth mobile network operator, as it seeks to reduce prices in the market. However, a consultation it commissioned in early 2021 on the impact of 5G and a fourth mobile network operator estimated that the entry of a new player would have a negligible impact on employment and investment and an uncertain impact on revenues (+/- 5%, versus flat). As a result, the amount of spectrum reserved for a new entrant has been reduced, to allow B2B operators to bid for some of the remaining frequencies. Proximus, which launched its 5G network during Q3 2020, saw median 5G download and upload speeds at 201.59 Mbps and 20.33 Mbps, respectively, during Q3 2021. With Orange and Telenet making huge investments to expand their 5G network within Belgium — and Telenet launching commercial 5G this week, we’re excited to see what the future holds.

Belgium has the opportunity to improve mobile and fixed broadband speeds for consumers, and we’ll be watching closely to see what happens in the future with our Global Index Market Analyses. Learn more about Ookla Speedtest Intelligence or Cell Analytics by inquiring here.


België loopt achter op EU-collega’s en wordt geconfronteerd met uitdagingen inzake 5G-regelgeving

België vormt een belangrijke hoeksteen van de Europese gemeenschap en is de thuisbasis van de Raad van de Europese Unie, de Europese Commissie, het Europees Parlement en de Europese Raad. België loopt echter achter op zijn regionale partners wat de ondersteuning van 5G-mededinging betreft, met slechts één 5G-provider gedurende het grootste deel van 2021. In dit artikel maakten we gebruik van Ookla® Speedtest Intelligence® com de prestaties van vast en mobiel internet in België te onderzoeken, alsook de regionale en provinciale prestaties tijdens het derde kwartaal van 2021. We hebben ook de Europese wijk in Brussel onderzocht met Ookla Cell Analytics om te bepalen welke mobiele operatoren het beste signaalniveau en de beste signaalkwaliteit hadden.

Nederland is koploper onder de regionale handelspartners van België voor snelste mobiel netwerk

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Speedtest Intelligence toont aan dat Nederland de snelste mediane mobiele downloadsnelheid had van België’s dichtstbijzijnde regionale handelspartners met 84,59 Mbps tijdens Q3 2021. Zwitserland en Luxemburg volgden met respectievelijk 71,76 Mbps en 69,81 Mbps. Oostenrijk was de volgende met 49,98 Mbps, gevolgd door België met 48,88 Mbps.

Zwitserland en Spanje zetten de Europese standaard met vaste breedbandsnelheden van meer dan 100,00 Mbps

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Volgens Speedtest Intelligence had Zwitserland de snelste mediane vaste breedbandsnelheid van België en zijn regionale handelspartners, namelijk 104,58 Mbps tijdens het derde kwartaal van 2021, waarmee het Spanje met zijn 101,10 Mbps voorbleef. Nederland en Luxemburg volgden met respectievelijk 92,20 Mbps en 89,27 Mbps. België’s mediane vaste breedband downloadsnelheid van 72,90 Mbps was net iets trager dan die van Frankrijk met 75,47 Mbps.

BASE, Telenet en Proximus overtroffen Orange voor mobiel

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Het verschil tussen de snelste mobiele aanbieders van België was in het derde kwartaal van 2021 zeer klein: BASE (56,83 Mbps), Telenet (56,73 Mbps) en Proximus (53,58 Mbps) gingen aan kop. Orange was vierde met 39,09 Mbps. Er moet ook worden opgemerkt dat Telenet eigenaar is van het merk BASE.

Telenet had de snelste vaste breedbandsnelheid

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Telenet had de snelste downloadsnelheid via vaste breedband met 124,89 Mbps. Dit was veel beter dan VOO, dat volgde met 94,63 Mbps. Orange was de volgende op de lijst met 82,20 Mbps, gevolgd door Proximus (43,45 Mbps) en Scarlet (35,34 Mbps).

Vlaanderen had hogere mobiele downloadsnelheden dan Brussel en het Waalse Gewest

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Gegevens van Speedtest Intelligence brachten tijdens het derde kwartaal van 2021 een grote kloof aan het licht tussen de meer bevolkte noordelijke Vlaamse regio van België en de minder bevolkte zuidelijke Waalse regio wat mobiele prestaties betreft. Vlaanderen had een mediane mobiele downloadsnelheid van 54,57 Mbps tegenover 37,63 Mbps in Wallonië. Het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest zat opnieuw in het midden met mobiel op 49,90 Mbps. Deze digitale kloof breidde zich uit tot de gegevens op provincieniveau, waarbij bijna elke Vlaamse provincie hogere mediane downloadsnelheden haalde dan de Waalse provincies.

Vier Vlaamse provincies hadden mobiele downloadsnelheden van meer dan 50 Mbps

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Er was geen statistisch snelste mobiele downloadsnelheid onder de Belgische provincies, hoewel Vlaams-Brabant (57,47 Mbps), Antwerpen (57,30 Mbps), West-Vlaanderen (54,95 Mbps) en Oost-Vlaanderen (52,19 Mbps) allemaal downloadsnelheden boven de 50,00 Mbps noteerden. De provincie Luxemburg (28,40 Mbps) en de provincie Namen (28,71 Mbps) waren de enige Belgische provincies die een mediane mobiele downloadsnelheid van 30,00 Mbps niet haalden.

Er was een grote kloof tussen Vlaanderen en Wallonië wat vaste breedband betreft

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Uit gegevens van Speedtest Intelligence blijkt dat de digitale kloof tussen de Belgische regio’s in het derde kwartaal van 2021 nog groter was op het gebied van vaste breedband. Vlaanderen had een mediane vaste breedband downloadsnelheid van 87,02 Mbps tegenover 55,66 Mbps in Wallonië. Het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest zat opnieuw in het midden met 60,40 Mbps.

Limburg was snelste provincie voor vaste breedband

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Limburg had de snelste mediane downloadsnelheid via vaste breedband met 90,07 Mbps, gevolgd door Oost-Vlaanderen (86,68 Mbps), West-Vlaanderen (86,45 Mbps), Antwerpen (85,23 Mbps) en Vlaams-Brabant (84,50 Mbps). Er was geen snelste provincie in Wallonië, hoewel Waals-Brabant en de provincie Namen de snelste mediane downloadsnelheden hadden met respectievelijk 60,15 Mbps en 58,90 Mbps.

4G LTE-signaalniveau en -kwaliteit per aanbieder in de buurt van de Europese wijk in Brussel

We onderzochten de mobiele prestaties in de Europese wijk in Brussel met behulp van Cell Analytics-gegevens van de afgelopen 24 maanden. Elk van deze kaarten toont het sterkste 4G-signaalniveau (RSRP) en de signaalkwaliteit (RSRQ) in dit belangrijke gebied, wat mobiele operatoren kan helpen bij het verbeteren van hun netwerken. Cell Analytics identificeert de sterkste RSRP en RSRQ per mobiele-netwerkexploitant voor een bepaald gebied of gebouw wanneer er een statistisch significante winnaar is en kleurt die plotbin de overeenkomstige kleur van de aanbieder. De kaarten op RSRP-aanbiederniveau tonen de sterkte van een signaal van individuele aanbieders voor een bepaald gebied, waarbij roze en rood een sterk signaal aangeven en blauw een zwak signaal. Aangezien gebruikers zelfs met een sterk signaal een slechte kwaliteit kunnen ervaren, met onderbrekingen van het geluid of trage datasnelheden tot gevolg, geven kaarten op aanbiederniveau van RSRQ de kwaliteit van het signaal van een operator voor een bepaald gebied aan, waarbij rood staat voor een signaal van hoge kwaliteit en blauw voor een signaal van lagere kwaliteit. We hebben ook de locaties van gsm-masten in het gebied bij benadering opgenomen.

Scherpe concurrentie voor beste 4G LTE RSRP in Brussel

De onderstaande afbeelding toont waar een aanbieder de afgelopen 24 maanden de sterkste 4G LTE RSRP-signaalsterkte had. Zoals u kunt zien, was BASE/Telenet sterk aanwezig in het midden van de kaart, met de hoogste RSRP in ons polygoongebied. Proximus en Orange hadden sterke signalen rond de randen van de kaart, en Orange had de sterkste RSRP in enkele van de belangrijkste EU-instellingen, waaronder het hoofdkwartier van de Europese Commissie en het Europees Parlement.

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De onderstaande kaarten laten zien waar elke topaanbieder een hoge en een lage signaalsterkte heeft in de Europese wijk. BASE/Telenet liet zeer sterke RSRP zien in het centrum van de kaart, met name rond de grote EU-gebouwen, de Wetstraat en bij de Marnixlaan, hoewel er een paar zwakkere gebieden waren net ten zuidwesten van het gebouw van het Europees Parlement. Orange toonde gebieden van sterke gelokaliseerde RSRP door de kaart, vooral in het zuidwesten, met een zwakkere RSRP in blauw in het noordwesten en in het centrum van de kaart. Proximus had enkele sterke zones in de Wetstraat en in het hart van de Europese wijk, maar had overal zwakkere signalen.

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BASE/Telenet had de beste RSRQ in de Brusselse Europese Wijk

Volgens Cell Analytics had BASE/Telenet de hoogste RSRQ in het door ons onderzochte polygoongebied van de Europese Wijk. De onderstaande kaarten laten zien waar elke aanbieder de afgelopen 24 maanden de beste RSRQ had, zowel voor binnen- als buitengebieden. De afbeelding hieronder toont dat BASE/Telenet gebieden in het centrum van de kaart had met de beste RSRQ, terwijl Orange de beste RSRQ had in het zuiden van de kaart – met name op Kroonlaan – en aan de rand van de kaart in oostelijke richting. Proximus had het beste RSRQ in sommige delen van de Europese wijk, met name in het noordwesten rond het Koninklijk Paleis van Brussel en het Leopoldpark. Indoor RSRQ kende een gelijkaardig verhaal, met een sterke concurrentie op de hele kaart, hoewel Orange sterker was in het zuidwesten van de kaart, alsook in enkele belangrijke EU-gebouwen.

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De onderstaande kaarten laten zien waar elke topaanbieder een hoge en een lage kwaliteit van het RSRQ-signaal had. BASE/Telenet liet zeer sterke gebieden zien in het centrum van de kaart, met name rond het Europees Parlement, het Square Frère-Orban Park en het Jubelpark, hoewel er een paar gebieden van mindere kwaliteit waren net ten zuiden van het gebouw van het Europees Parlement. Orange vertoonde gebieden met een sterke gelokaliseerde RSRQ, vooral in de buurt van belangrijke EU-gebouwen, maar had lagere RSRQ-gebieden in blauw in het noordwesten, midden en zuidwesten van de kaart. Proximus had een kaart die enigszins vergelijkbaar was met die van Orange, met gebieden met een hoger RSRQ in het oosten van de kaart en in de buurt van belangrijke EU-gebouwen zoals de Raad van de Europese Unie, maar met over het algemeen een lager RSRQ in het hele centrum van de kaart, met name langs belangrijke doorgangswegen zoals de Wetstraat.

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België heeft kansen voor snelle 5G, maar consumenten zullen er niet van profiteren zolang operatoren en regulatoren 5G niet gemakkelijker om te implementeren maken

België staat voor moeilijke vooruitzichten wat 5G betreft. De staatssecretaris voor het Brussels Gewest, Pascal Smet, heeft de wens geuit om van "Brussel de technologiehoofdstad van Europa" te maken en in een onlangs in opdracht van de Belgische regelgever opgesteld rapport wordt de impact van 5G op de Belgische samenleving geraamd op een extra 4 à 6 miljard euro per jaar voor het BBP tegen 2030, en op nog eens 40 à 80 duizend nieuwe banen. De veiling van belangrijke 5G-banden is echter herhaaldelijk uitgesteld en in de huidige vorm zullen strikte limieten voor niet-ioniserende straling (NIR) uiteindelijk de schaal van de invoering van 5G op de markt beperken.

De Belgische plannen voor een multiband spectrumveiling – inclusief nieuwe frequenties voor 5G en de vernieuwing van bestaande licenties – liggen al jaren stil door onenigheid tussen de regionale en federale regeringen, met name over hoe de opbrengsten moeten worden verdeeld. Het land loopt achter op veel van zijn collega’s in de regio wat betreft de uitrol en de invoering van 5G, en de aanhoudende vertraging heeft de Belgische toezichthouder, het Belgisch Instituut voor Postdiensten en Telecommunicatie (BIPT), ertoe gebracht tijdelijke 5G-vergunningen te verlenen in de loop van 2020. Recente voorstellen, waaronder het in bewaring houden van de opbrengst totdat overeenstemming kan worden bereikt, lijken de impasse te hebben doorbroken, en de veiling zal nu naar verwachting in het tweede kwartaal van 2022 plaatsvinden.

België heeft ook te kampen met een aantal zeer strenge NIR-grenswaarden, met name in de Brusselse regio, die de uitrol van 5G zullen beperken. De regionale regering heeft medio juli 2021 een "5G-routekaart" goedgekeurd en organiseert werkgroepen om een plan voor de uitrol in de hele stad op te stellen en de wetgeving aan te passen. Ze is al overgegaan op meer dan het dubbele van de NIR-grens, maar desondanks blijft het lager dan andere Belgische regio’s – nog steeds ver onder de EU-voorstellen.

Volgens de ontwerpwetgeving van de veiling moeten de exploitanten binnen een jaar 70% van de Belgische bevolking met 5G bereiken, wat na twee jaar moet oplopen tot 99,5%. Het BIPT is ook van plan spectrum te reserveren voor een potentiële vierde mobiele netwerkoperator, omdat het de prijzen op de markt wil verlagen. In een consultatieronde die zij begin 2021 liet uitvoeren over de gevolgen van 5G en een vierde mobiele netwerkoperator werd echter geraamd dat de toetreding van een nieuwe speler een verwaarloosbaar effect zou hebben op de werkgelegenheid en de investeringen en een onzeker effect op de inkomsten (+/- 5%, tegenover vlak). Als gevolg daarvan is de hoeveelheid spectrum die voor een nieuwkomer is gereserveerd, verminderd om B2B-exploitanten in staat te stellen een bod uit te brengen op een deel van de resterende frequenties. Proximus, dat zijn 5G-netwerk lanceerde tijdens Q3 2020, zag mediane 5G-download- en -uploadsnelheden van respectievelijk 201,59 Mbps en 20,33 Mbps tijdens Q3 2021. Nu Orange en Telenet enorme investeringen doen om hun 5G-netwerk in België uit te breiden – en Telenet die deze week commerciële 5G lanceert, zijn we benieuwd naar wat de toekomst brengt.

België heeft de kans om de mobiele en vaste breedbandsnelheden voor consumenten te verbeteren, en wij zullen nauwlettend in de gaten houden wat er in de toekomst gebeurt met onze Global Index Market Analyses. Leer meer over Ookla Speedtest Intelligence of Cell Analytics door hier informeren.


La Belgique a du retard par rapport à ses pairs de l’UE et doit faire face à des défis réglementaires en matière de 5G

La Belgique représente un pilier important pour la communauté européenne et abrite le Conseil de l’Union européenne, la Commission européenne, le Parlement européen et le Conseil européen. Cependant, la Belgique a du retard vis-à-vis de ses partenaires régionaux en termes de promotion de la concurrence pour la 5G avec un seul fournisseur 5G pendant la majeure partie de 2021. Dans cet article, nous avons utilisé Ookla® Speedtest Intelligence® pour examiner les vitesses de performance de l’internet fixe et mobile en Belgique, les performances régionales et provinciales au cours du troisième trimestre 2021. Nous avons également examiné le quartier européen de Bruxelles en utilisant Ookla Cell Analytics pour déterminer quels opérateurs mobiles avaient le meilleur niveau et la meilleure qualité de réseau.

Les Pays-Bas sont en tête des partenaires commerciaux régionaux de la Belgique pour la téléphonie mobile la plus rapide

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Speedtest Intelligence révèle que les Pays-Bas avaient la vitesse médiane de téléchargement mobile la plus rapide parmi les partenaires commerciaux régionaux les plus proches de la Belgique, à 84,59 Mbps au cours du troisième trimestre 2021. La Suisse et le Luxembourg suivaient avec respectivement. 71,76 Mbps et 69,81 Mbps. Vient ensuite l’Autriche, avec 49,98 Mbps, puis la Belgique, avec 48,88 Mbps.

La Suisse et l’Espagne établissent la norme européenne avec des vitesses de haut débit fixe supérieures à 100,00 Mbps!

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Selon Speedtest Intelligence, la Suisse a enregistré la vitesse médiane la plus rapide en matière de haut débit fixe par rapport à la Belgique et ses partenaires commerciaux régionaux, soit 104,58 Mbps au troisième trimestre 2021, devant l’Espagne (101,10 Mbps). Les Pays-Bas et le Luxembourg suivent avec respectivement 92,20 Mbps et 89,27 Mbps. La vitesse médiane de téléchargement du haut débit fixe en Belgique, 72,90 Mbps, était juste inférieure à celle de la France, 75,47 Mbps.

BASE, Telenet et Proximus dépassent Orange pour le mobile

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Le classement du fournisseur de téléphonie mobile le plus rapide de Belgique était très serré au cours du troisième trimestre 2021, avec BASE (56,83 Mbps), Telenet (56,73 Mbps) et Proximus (53,58 Mbps) en tête. Orange est quatrième avec 39,09 Mbps. Il faut également noter que Telenet est propriétaire de la marque BASE.

Telenet a le haut débit fixe le plus rapide

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Telenet avait la vitesse de téléchargement la plus rapide sur le haut débit fixe, avec 124,89 Mbps. Ce chiffre dépasse de loin celui de VOO, qui suit avec 94,63 Mbps. Orange était le suivant sur la liste avec 82,20 Mbps, suivi de Proximus (43,45 Mbps) et Scarlet (35,34 Mbps).

Les vitesses de téléchargement mobile sont plus rapides en Flandre qu’à Bruxelles et en Wallonie

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Les données de Speedtest Intelligence ont révélé un large fossé entre le nord de la région flamande, plus peuplée, et le sud de la région wallonne, moins peuplée, en matière de performances mobiles au cours du troisième trimestre 2021. La Flandre avait une vitesse de téléchargement mobile médiane de 54,57 Mbps, contre 37,63 Mbps pour la Wallonie. La région de Bruxelles-Capitale se situait au milieu du classement en matière de téléphonie mobile, avec 49,90 Mbps. Cette fracture numérique s’est étendue aux données au niveau des provinces. Presque toutes les provinces flamandes ont atteint des vitesses de téléchargement médianes plus rapides que les provinces wallonnes.

Quatre provinces flamandes affichent des vitesses de téléchargement mobile supérieures à 50 Mbps

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Il n’y a pas eu de vitesse de téléchargement mobile statistiquement la plus rapide parmi les provinces belges, bien que le Brabant flamand (57,47 Mbps), Anvers (57,30 Mbps), la Flandre occidentale (54,95 Mbps) et la Flandre orientale (52,19 Mbps) aient toutes atteint des vitesses de téléchargement supérieures à 50,00 Mbps. La province du Luxembourg (28,40 Mbps) et la province de Namur (28,71 Mbps) sont les seules provinces belges à ne pas avoir atteint une vitesse de téléchargement mobile médiane de 30,00 Mbps.

Un large fossé sépare la Flandre de la région wallonne en matière de haut débit fixe

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Les données de Speedtest Intelligence ont révélé que la fracture numérique entre les régions de Belgique était encore plus éloignée sur le haut débit fixe au cours du troisième trimestre 2021. La Flandre avait une vitesse médiane de téléchargement à large bande fixe de 87,02 Mbps contre 55,66 Mbps pour la Wallonie. La région de Bruxelles-Capitale se situait à nouveau dans la médiane avec 60,40 Mbps.

Le Limbourg est la province la plus rapide pour le haut débit fixe

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Le Limbourg avait la vitesse de téléchargement médiane la plus rapide sur le haut débit fixe, avec 90,07 Mbps, suivi par la Flandre orientale (86,68 Mbps), la Flandre occidentale (86,45 Mbps), Anvers (85,23 Mbps) et le Brabant flamand (84,50 Mbps). Il n’y a pas de province plus rapide en Wallonie, bien que le Brabant wallon et la province de Namur aient eu les vitesses de téléchargement médianes les plus rapides, avec respectivement 60,15 et 58,90 Mbps.

Niveau et qualité du signal 4G LTE selon le fournisseur près du quartier européen de Bruxelles

Nous avons examiné les performances mobiles dans le quartier européen de Bruxelles en utilisant les données de Cell Analytics des 24 derniers mois. Chacune de ces cartes montre les signaux 4G de niveau de signal (RSRP) et de qualité de signal (RSRQ) les plus forts dans cette zone clé, ce qui peut aider les opérateurs mobiles à améliorer leurs réseaux. Cell Analytics identifie le RSRP et le RSRQ les plus forts par opérateur de réseau mobile pour une zone ou un bâtiment donné lorsqu’il y a un gagnant statistiquement significatif et attribue un code couleur à la couleur correspondante du fournisseur. Les cartes RSRP au niveau du fournisseur montrent la force du signal des différents fournisseurs pour une zone donnée, le rose et le rouge indiquant un signal fort et le bleu un signal faible. Les utilisateurs peuvent cependant être confrontés à une qualité médiocre même avec un niveau de signal élevé, ce qui se traduit par des interruptions audios ou des vitesses de données lentes. Les cartes RSRQ au niveau du fournisseur montrent la qualité du signal d’un opérateur pour une zone donnée, le rouge indiquant un signal de haute qualité et le bleu un signal de qualité inférieure. Nous avons également inclus les emplacements approximatifs des tours de téléphonie mobile dans la région.

Une concurrence serrée pour le meilleur RSRP 4G LTE à Bruxelles

L’image ci-dessous montre où un fournisseur a eu la plus forte intensité de signal 4G LTE RSRP au cours des 24 derniers mois. Comme vous pouvez le voir, BASE/Telenet a une forte présence au centre de la carte, obtenant le RSRP le plus élevé dans la zone de notre polygone. Proximus et Orange avaient des signaux forts sur les bords de la carte, et Orange avait le RSRP le plus fort dans certaines des institutions clés de l’UE, y compris le siège de la Commission européenne et le Parlement européen.

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Les cartes ci-dessous montrent où chaque fournisseur principal a des données de puissance de signal élevée et faible dans le quartier européen. BASE/Telenet a montré un RSRP très fort près du centre de la carte, en particulier autour des principau’ bâtiments de l’UE, rue de la ’oi et près de l’Av.’Marnix, bien qu’il y ait eu quelques zones plus faibles juste au sud-ouest du bâtiment du Parlement européen. Orange a montré des zones de forte RSRP localisée à travers la carte, en particulier dans le sud-ouest, avec une RSRP plus faible en bleu dans le nord-ouest et au centre de la carte. Proximus avait quelques zones de force le long de la rue de la Loi, et près du cœur du quartier européen, mais avait des signaux plus faibles partout.

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BASE/Telenet avait le meilleur RSRQ dans le quartier européen de Bruxelles

Selon Cell Analytics, BASE/Telenet avait le RSRQ le plus élevé dans la zone du polygone du quartier européen que nous avons étudié. Les cartes ci-dessous montrent où chaque fournisseur a eu le meilleur RSRQ au cours des 24 derniers mois, pour les zones intérieures et extérieures. L’image ci-dessous montre que BASE/Telenet avait des zones près du centre de la carte avec le meilleur RSRQ, tandis qu’Orange avait le meilleur RSRQ près du sud de la carte – en particulier sur l’avenue de la Couronne – et la périphérie de la carte vers l’est. Proximus avait le meilleur RSRQ dans certaines zones du quartier européen, notamment au nord-ouest autour du Palais Royal de Bruxelles et du Parc Léopold. Le RSRQ en intérieur a montré un phénomène similaire, avec une forte concurrence sur toute la carte, bien qu’Orange ait montré une meilleure performance dans le sud-ouest de la carte, ainsi que dans certains bâtiments clés de l’UE.

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Les cartes ci-dessous montrent où chaque fournisseur principal avait une force de signal RSRQ de haute et de basse qualité. BASE/Telenet a montré des zones très fortes près du centre de la carte, en particulier autour du Parlement européen, du Square Frère-Orban et du Parc du Cinquantenaire, bien qu’il y ait eu quelques zones de moindre qualité juste au sud du bâtiment du Parlement européen. Orange a montré des zones de RSRQ localisées fortes, en particulier près des bâtiments clés de l’UE, mais avait des zones de RSRQ plus faibles en bleu dans le nord-ouest, le centre et le sud-ouest de la carte. Proximus avait une carte assez similaire à celle d’Orange, avec des zones de RSRQ plus élevées à l’est de la carte et près des bâtiments importants de l’UE comme le Conseil de l’Union européenne, mais avait généralement un RSRQ plus faible dans tout le centre de la carte, en particulier le long des grandes voies de circulation comme la rue de la Loi.

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La Belgique a des opportunités pour la 5G rapide, mais les consommateurs n’en profiteront pas tant que les opérateurs et les régulateurs ne faciliteront pas la mise en œuvre de la 5G

La Belgique est confrontée à des perspectives difficiles en matière de 5G. Le secrétaire d’État à la Région bruxelloise, Pascal Smet, a fait part de sa volonté de faire de "Bruxelles la capitale technologique de l’Europe" et un rapport récemment commandé par le régulateur belge estime que l’impact de la 5G sur la société belge se traduira par une augmentation du PIB de 4 à 6 milliards d’euros par an d’ici à 2030 et par la création de 40 000 à 80 000 emplois supplémentaires. Cependant, la mise aux enchères des bandes 5G clés a été retardée à plusieurs reprises et, en l’état actuel des choses, les limites strictes des rayonnements non ionisants (RNI) finiront par limiter l’ampleur du déploiement de la 5G sur le marché.

Les plans de la Belgique pour une vente aux enchères de spectre multibande – y compris de nouvelles fréquences pour la 5G et le renouvellement des licences existantes – sont en attente depuis des années en raison de désaccords entre les gouvernements régionaux et fédéraux, en particulier sur la façon dont les recettes devraient être distribuées. Le pays est à la traîne par rapport à ses pairs régionaux en termes de déploiement et d’adoption de la 5G, et le retard persistant a conduit le régulateur belge, l’Institut belge des services postaux et des télécommunications (IBPT), à accorder des licences 5G temporaires au cours de l’année 2020. Des propositions récentes, qui incluent le maintien du produit de la vente sous séquestre jusqu’à ce qu’un accord puisse être trouvé, semblent avoir débloqué la situation, et la vente aux enchères devrait maintenant avoir lieu au deuxième trimestre 2022.

La Belgique doit également faire face à des limites NIR très strictes, notamment dans la région de Bruxelles, qui serviront à limiter le déploiement de la 5G. Le gouvernement régional a ado« té une "feuille de »oute 5G" à la mi-juillet 2021 et organise des groupes de travail pour élaborer un plan de déploie’ent à l’échelle de la ville et apporter des modifications législatives. Elle a déjà pris des mesures pour plus que doubler la limite NIR, mais malgré cela, elle reste inférieure à celle des autres régions–belges – toujours bien en deçà des propositi’ns de l’UE.

Selon le projet de législation de la vente aux enchères, les opérateurs seraient tenus de couvrir 70 % de la population belge avec la 5G dans un’délai d’un an, puis 99,5 % après deu’ ans. L’IBPT prévoit également de réserver des fréquences pour un éventuel quatrième opérateur de réseau mobile, car il cherche à réduire les prix sur le marché. Toutefois, une consult’tion qu’il a commandée début 2021 sur l’impact de la’5G et d’un quatrième opérateur de réseau mobile a esti’é que l’’ntrée d’un nouvel acteur aurait un impact négligeab’e sur l’emp’oi et l’investissement et un impact incertain sur les revenus (+/- 5 %, contre une stabilité). En conséquence, la quantité de spectre réservée à un nouvel entrant a été réduite, afin de permettre aux opérateurs B2B de faire une offre pour certaines des fréquences restantes. Proximus, qui a lancé son réseau 5G au cours du troisième trimestre 2020, a vu les vitesses médianes de téléchargem’nt et d’upload 5G s’établir à 201,59 Mbps et 20,33 Mbps, respectivement, au cours du troisième trimestre 2021. Orange et Telenet ayan’ fait d’énormes investissements pour étendre leur réseau 5G en Belgique, et Telenet lance la 5G commerciale cette semaine, nous sommes impatients de voir ce que l’avenir nous réserve.

La Belgique a la possibilité d’améliorer les vitesses du haut débit mobile et fixe pour les consommateurs, et nous surveillerons de pr’s ce qui se passera à l’avenir avec nos Analyses du marché des Global Index. Pour en savoir plus sur Ookla Speedtest Intelligence ou Cell Analytics, veuillez demander ici.

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.

| January 4, 2023

The Speedtest Global Index Shows These Countries Sped Forward for Internet Experience in 2022

Internet connectivity continues to speed ahead for people around the world, especially as countries prioritize and improve mobile and fixed broadband networks. That’s nowhere more apparent than on the Speedtest Global Index™, which tracks countries’ internet speeds and the overall global median internet speeds. Last year, we took a look at the state of the internet speeds over the years, and today we’re back to see how most of 2022 fared from November 2021 to November 2022, and what countries made our top 10 fastest mobile and fixed broadband lists.

Mobile download speed jumped nearly 17% over the last year globally, fixed broadband up at least 28%

Chart of increase in world download speeds from November 2021 through 2022

The improvement of global median download speeds has been somewhat asymmetrical over the past year on the Speedtest Global Index. Fixed broadband speeds made greater strides over the past year than mobile download speeds, with fixed broadband speeds becoming at least 28% faster and mobile becoming nearly 17% faster from November 2021 to November 2022. Gains in upload speed were even more pronounced with mobile becoming at least 9% faster and fixed broadband becoming at least 30% faster. Latency, which is becoming an increasingly important metric, decreased on mobile over the course of the year from 29 ms in 2021 to 28 ms in 2022, while fixed broadband latency remained the same at 10 ms.

Top 10 rankings remain relatively constant over the past year, U.A.E. joins fixed broadband list and Denmark, Macau (SAR), and Brunei race ahead for mobile during 2022

Chile raced ahead on fixed broadband

List of fastest countries for fixed braodband internet from November 2021 through 2022

The competition for the fastest fixed broadband was neck-and-neck on the Speedtest Global Index during 2022, with Chile (216.23 Mbps) taking top honors and China (214.23 Mbps) and Singapore (214.23 Mbps) a hair behind. Over the course of the year, the top 10 countries for fastest fixed broadband remained relatively the same while each country jostled up and down the list for fixed broadband superiority. Only Spain was replaced from the top 10 with the U.A.E. taking its place. Notably, China jumped four places from sixth to second, improving its median download speed from 146.62 Mbps in 2021 to 214.58 Mbps in 2022. Romania’s tenth place finish in 2022 would have earned fourth place in 2021, showing how fast these countries are all prioritizing improved fixed broadband speeds.

Qatar soars to first for fastest mobile country

List of fastest countries for mobile internet from November 2021 through 2022

Ahead of hosting the FIFA World Cup 2022®, Qatar rocketed to first place on the Speedtest Global Index with a median download speed of 176.18 Mbps in November 2022 from 98.10 Mbps in November 2022. Next on the list was the U.A.E. at 139.41 Mbps, which had the fastest median download speed in November 2021. Notably, all 10 countries on our November 2022 list had median mobile download speeds greater than 100 Mbps. New to our 2022 list Denmark (113.44 Mbps), Macau (SAR) (106.38 Mbps), and Brunei (102.36 Mbps) replaced Saudi Arabia, Cyprus, and Kuwait from our 2021 list.

Most of the top 10 countries perform well for fixed and mobile

Chart of 2022 perfromance against global median for leading countries

Out of the 17 countries appearing on either the fastest fixed broadband or mobile Speedtest Global Index top 10s during November 2021 — with China, Denmark, and the U.A.E. appearing on both lists — all but Monaco met the statistical threshold to be included to look at overall fixed and mobile performance. Looking at the remaining 16 countries, most every country on both lists performed relatively well against the global median for both fixed and mobile, which appear as gray lines in the image above. Three countries underperformed a global median: Brunei and Bulgaria for fixed, and Chile for mobile. Thailand performed at about roughly the global median for mobile, as did Romania.

We’re excited to see how global speeds and rankings change over the next year as individual countries and their providers choose to invest and expand different technologies, particularly in 5G and fiber. Be sure to track your country’s and check in on our monthly updates on the Speedtest Global Index. If you want more in-depth analyses and updates, subscribe to Ookla Research™.

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.

| November 5, 2020

Unable to Connect — The Most Significant Online Service Outages in Q3 2020

“Is it down?” frustrated users asked themselves during the multiple online service outages in Q3 2020. The fourth installment of our online service outage tracking series used Downdetector® data from Q3 2020 and focused on the following online service categories: cloud services, collaboration platforms, financial services, gaming, internet service providers and social media.

Cloud services

Cloudflare (July 17, 2020): 14,198 reports at peak

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On July 17, a major disruption in Cloudflare’s service broke the internet, taking multiple online services down with it. Users rushed to Downdetector to log issues with multiple services that rely on Cloudflare for content delivery, including 4chan, DoorDash and Zendesk. At the peak of the outage, there were 14,198 reports of issues with the service in the U.S.

Azure (September 28, 2020): 2,846 reports at peak

Azure, Microsoft’s cloud service, was affected by September 28’s Microsoft-wide outage (see next category). Users from Germany, India, Japan and the U.S. stated they had issues with the cloud service. That day, there were 2,846 reports of issues at the peak of the outage in the U.S.

Collaboration platforms

Office 365 (September 28,2020): 20,437 reports at peak

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Microsoft’s suite of online collaboration services including Outlook, Sharepoint, OneDrive and Skype went down on September 28 (along with Azure, see above). Logs of issues with the services started coming into Downdetector at 3 p.m Pacific. Most users stated being unable to log in or connect to the server. At the peak, there were 20,437 reported issues in the U.S. Users from Japan and India also logged problems with the service that day.

Zoom (August 24, 2020): 17,874 reports at peak

On August 24, users were upset to find that they were unable to connect with their coworkers, friends and family through Zoom. Most users stated problems with logging in and joining a conference. There were 17,874 reports of issues in the U.S. at the peak of the outage. Users in the U.K. and Canada also had issues with the video conferencing service that day.

Google Drive (September 24, 2020): 14,715 reports at peak

Users in the U.S., Philippines and Indonesia were unable to collaborate on projects, upload files or access their documents stored in Google Drive on September 24. At the peak of the outage in the U.S., there were 14,715 reported issues. Users of Google products YouTube and Gmail also logged issues in Brazil, Germany, India, Japan, Mexico and the U.K.

Slack (September 29, 2020): 1,396 reports at peak

Slack received 1,396 logs of issues at the peak of the outage reports on September 29. Users in the U.S. had problems with sending messages, videos and images to their peers — and some were unable to connect to the platform at all.

Financial services

TD Ameritrade (August 18, 2020): 7,814 reports at peak

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The online stock investment tool reportedly went down on August 18. Users were unable to log into their account or buy and sell stocks. At the peak of the outage, there were 7,814 reports of issues in the U.S. There were two other notable outages that month — August 17 with 5,816 reports at peak and August 31 with 6,893 reports at peak.

Gaming

Steam (August 5, 2020): 69,255 reports at peak

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Users from Brazil, Germany, Japan, the U.K and the U.S. submitted issues with Steam on August 5. Most users stated problems when trying to log into the platform and play with other users. At the peak of the outage in the U.S, there were 69,255 reports of issues with the gaming platform.

Fall Guys (September 2, 2020): 2,890 reports at peak

The Fall Guys status page on Downdetector showed there were problems with the popular online game on September 2. Users in Brazil, the U.K. and the U.S. were struggling to play the game online. That day, 97% of reports stated problems with the server connection.

Internet service providers

Spectrum (July 29, 2020): 56,318 reports at peak

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Spectrum users from the both coasts of the United States flooded Downdetector with logs of issues with the service when they started experiencing problems with their internet connections. Complaints with the service started surging at around 5 p.m. Pacific and lasted for about an hour. At the peak of the outage there were 56,318 reports of issues.

CenturyLink (August 30, 2020): 11,543 reports at peak

CenturyLink customers on the East Coast of the U.S. had problems with their internet service on August 30 starting around 2 a.m. Pacific and ending around 8 a.m. Pacific. There were 11,543 reports of issues at the peak of the outage.

Social Media

WhatsApp (July 14, 2020): 148,573 reports at peak

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A multi-country outage affected WhatsApp on July 14. Users from all over the world stated problems with sending and receiving messages on the Facebook-owned app. The country with the most issues submitted was Germany with 148,573 reports of issues at the peak of the outage. Users in Brazil, India, the Netherlands, Mexico, Spain and the U.K. were also affected by the outage.

Facebook (September 17, 2020): 30,918 reports at peak

Facebook users from multiple countries experienced problems with the social media platform on September 17. More than half of the logs were labeled as “total blackout” — users were unable to access the platform or any of its features. There were 30,918 reports of issues at the peak of the outage in the U.S. Users in Italy, Poland and the U.K. also had problems with Facebook that day.

Want to know when an online service is down? Keep up with outages by visiting Downdetector.

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.

| September 18, 2023

New Speedtest Data Shows Starlink Performance is Mixed — But That’s a Good Thing

Satellite providers are playing no small part in the rapid expansion of global connectivity. Some experts predict there will be 58,000 satellites orbiting the earth by 2030 — a nearly 725% increase from 2023. Ookla® is back with our ongoing satellite internet series with compelling, fresh data for satellite providers in Africa, Europe, and Oceania during Q2 2023, including SpaceX’s Starlink, Viasat, and Skylogic.

This analysis includes Starlink Net Promoter Score (NPS) data for France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, year-over-year data for satellite providers in Europe and Oceania from Q2 2022 to Q2 2023, and new Q2 2023 data from Starlink in Africa.

Starlink users across different continents continue to love the service

Using Speedtest Intelligence®, we examined NPS ratings data for Starlink users against an aggregate of all fixed broadband providers combined. 

NPS is based on Speedtest® user responses after being asked how likely they are to recommend their provider to friends or family on a 0 to 10 scale. NPS ratings are categorized into Detractors (score 0-6), Passives (score 7-8), and Promoters (score 9-10), and is calculated as (% Promoters – % Detractors) x 100. Any NPS score above 0 indicates that a provider’s audience is more loyal than not.

Chart of NPS Performance in Select Countries

As you can see from the above image, Starlink users in France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and the U.K. had an NPS score much higher than the aggregate score for all fixed broadband providers combined during Q2 2023. France had the highest NPS among the aggregate of fixed broadband providers for the countries we surveyed at -15.98 and fixed broadband providers had a much faster median download speed at 165.37 Mbps to Starlink’s 107.56 Mbps. In New Zealand there was a similar story with the aggregate of fixed broadband providers having a -20.40 NPS to Starlink’s 48.83, while having a faster median download speed 147.86 Mbps to 113.78 Mbps during Q2 2023.

Germany, which had the lowest NPS rating of aggregate of fixed broadband providers in Europe at -30.10, also had the smallest difference in NPS with Starlink scoring 38.19. Interestingly, the aggregate of fixed broadband providers and Starlink both had similar median download speeds at 83.16 Mbps and 82.56 Mbps, respectively, during Q2 2023.

Of note, Starlink had much higher NPS ratings and median download speeds than the aggregate of all fixed providers combined in Italy and the U.K., respectively, during Q2 2023. Starlink’s NPS was 50.20 to -25.61 for the aggregate of all fixed broadband providers in Italy during Q2 2023, while the median download speeds were 100.68 Mbps to 63.99 Mbps. In the U.K., Starlink’s NPS was 47.18 to -26.88 for the aggregate of all fixed broadband providers combined, with the median download speeds a little closer, 100.11 Mbps to 77.38 Mbps, respectively. 

In our last report, we found a wide NPS gap between U.S. rural Starlink users — who often have fewer options for fixed broadband access — and the corresponding aggregate of fixed broadband providers. Given that all five of these countries have rural or remote regions that are underserved or not served by traditional broadband offerings, it may be no surprise that Starlink users who reside in those areas may feel positive about having access to fast broadband internet. 

Starlink speeds over 100 Mbps in 14 European countries during Q2 2023, speeds stabilizing across Europe

Key takeaways:

  • Starlink results were the fastest among satellite providers we surveyed.
  • Starlink quarter-to-quarter speeds improved or remained about the same (between 5% and -5%) in 23 countries, while decreasing in 4 countries.
  • Among the 27 European countries we surveyed, Starlink had median download speeds greater than 100 Mbps in 14 countries, greater than 90 Mbps in 20 countries, and greater than 80 in 24 countries, with only three countries failing to reach 70 Mbps.
  • Skylogic, while delivering speeds slower than Starlink, showed stabilized broadband speeds over the past year for those seeking a Starlink alternative.

Over the past year, we’ve seen huge developments in the global satellite market, Europe notwithstanding, with Amazon’s Project Kuiper moving forward, the EU creating its own satellite constellation, and OneWeb and Eutelsat merging. While Starlink continues to lead for performance among satellite providers we surveyed, Starlink has experienced some major hurdles over the past year as users flock to the service and speeds have subsequently dipped — but of note those concerns seem to have started allaying in most of Europe during Q2 2023.

At first glance, year-over-year median download speeds for Starlink are about the same (-5% to 5%) or better (greater than 5%) from Q2 2022 to Q2 2023 in 15 countries and slower (decreasing more than 5%) in 8 countries. But among the 27 countries we surveyed during Q2 2023, Starlink had speeds faster than the aggregate of all fixed broadband providers combined in 11 countries (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, and the U.K.) Those speeds were most notably faster in Croatia and Greece for Starlink at 94.41 Mbps to 45.24 Mbps and 108.97 to 44.09 Mbps, respectively, during Q2 2023. Speeds were about the same in four countries (Finland, Slovenia, Germany, and Lithuania), and speeds were slower than the aggregate of fixed broadband providers in 12 countries, most notably in Poland, Spain, Romania, Denmark, and France which saw between 50% and 105% faster aggregate fixed broadband speeds than Starlink.

Quarterly download speeds stabilizing or improving

Looking at results from Q1 2023 to Q2 2023, median download speeds for Starlink remained about the same (between 5% and -5%) in 23 countries, while decreasing in four countries. That’s a big deal, especially given Starlink had median download speeds greater than 100 Mbps in 14 countries, and greater than 90 Mbps in 20 countries, and greater than 80 in 24 countries — with only three countries failing to reach 70 Mbps.

While trailing Starlink speeds, Skylogic recorded median download speeds in Italy at 29.21 Mbps during Q2 2023, a roughly 27% statistical increase year-over-year from 22.28 Mbps during Q2 2022. Notably, Skylogic recorded a median download speed of 68.44 Mbps in Italy during Q1 2023. Among the various countries we recorded Skylogic data for during the past year, the range of median download speeds varied between 19.53 Mbps and 68.44 Mbps, with most speeds between 28 and 50 Mbps, all fast enough to stream 4K video online. Viasat, had relatively similar download speeds in Germany and Italy at 17.22 Mbps and 17.45 Mbps, respectively, during Q2 2023. 

Top 10 fastest Starlink download speeds in European countries

Chart of Top 10 Fastest Starlink Median Download Speeds in Europe

Starlink in Switzerland had one of the fastest median download speed among countries with Starlink during Q2 2023 at 122.47 Mbps, followed by Denmark (117.38 Mbps), Austria (111.91 Mbps), Belgium (111.20 Mbps), Hungary (108.97 Mbps), France (107.56 Mbps), Ireland (104.42 Mbps), Estonia (102.38 Mbps), Portugal (101.75 Mbps), and Latvia (100.94 Mbps). Sweden, Italy, Bulgaria, and the U.K. all followed but had speeds greater than 100 Mbps.

Upload speeds for Starlink are down year over year, but quarterly speeds almost all improved or were about the same

Upload speeds for Starlink mostly decreased notably year over year, with only the U.K. showing an improved median upload speed in Q2 2023 out of 27 countries surveyed. However, looking quarter to quarter, Q2 2023 upload speeds for Starlink stayed about the same or improved in 25 out of 27 countries, with only Greece and Ireland showing declines. For upload speeds, Starlink all 27 countries we surveyed had upload speeds between 10 Mbps and 15 Mbps except Portugal (17.70 Mbps), Hungary (16.91 Mbps), Croatia (16.12 Mbps), Bulgaria (15.93 Mbps), Romania (15.82 Mbps), Spain (15.79 Mbps), and Poland (9.11 Mbps). Starlink in Greece was the only instance of a satellite provider in Europe having an upload speed greater than the aggregate of all fixed providers combined, 12.97 Mbps for Starlink to 7.85 Mbps for the aggregate of fixed broadband providers combined. Skylogic showed upload speeds lower than 4 Mbps in both Austria and Italy during Q2 2023. Viasat had upload speeds of 3.51 Mbps in Germany and 4.69 Mbps in Italy during Q2 2023. 

Multi-server latency is stabilizing for Starlink users across Europe

As an low-earth orbiting (LEO) satellite internet provider, Starlink has a leg up on some satellite competitors who rely on further away geosynchronous-earth orbit (GEO) and medium-earth orbit (MEO) satellite constellations. However, once again, all the aggregates of all fixed broadband providers in Europe had much lower multi-server latencies than Starlink, Viasat (which had latencies over 600 ms) and Skylogic (which had latencies over 700 ms). That being said, Starlink still saw multi-server latencies under 60 ms in the U.K. (51.26 ms), Spain (53.37 ms), Portugal (55.84 ms), and Belgium (59.34 ms). Starlink saw most countries’ multi-server latencies between 60 and 90 ms.

Starlink speeds stabilize in Oceania

Oceania, the second least densely populated continent in the world to Antarctica, has rural and remote populations that benefit from (and even rely on) satellite internet connections. Luckily for rural and remote Starlink users, they’ve probably seen a good amount of stability over the past year with Q2 2023 median download speeds in New Zealand at 113.78 Mbps (105.99 Mbps in Q2 2022) and Australia at 104.92 Mbps (102.76 Mbps in Q2 2022). Tonga, which is very remote, saw download speeds drop from 45.25 Mbps in Q2 2022 to 37.95 Mbps in Q2 2023. 

Upload speeds also showed some stability with Australia going from 10.45 Mbps in Q2 2022 to 11.33 Mbps during Q2 2023 and New Zealand going from 12.31 Mbps to 14.62 during the same time period. Tonga saw a notable drop in speeds year over year from 19.26 Mbps in Q2 2022 to 6.66 Mbps Q2 2023. 

Multi-server latency, which usually will be higher for satellite internet options, showed promising results for Starlink in Oceania during Q2 2023. Multi-server latency dropped noticeably in New Zealand year over year, going from 89.38 ms in Q2 2022 to 46.42 ms in Q2 2023. Australia saw a more modest drop with multi-server latency going from 63.04 ms to 59.78 ms from Q2 2022 to Q2 2023. Tonga saw an increase in multi-server latency from 125.24 ms to 137.16 ms during the same time period.

Starlink in Africa is off to a promising start

Chart of Satellite Performance in Africa, Q2 2023

Starlink, which first launched on the African continent in Nigeria this past January, is showing intriguing early results. Speedtest Intelligence showed that Starlink in Nigeria had a faster median download speeds than all aggregate fixed broadband providers combined at 63.69 Mbps to 15.60 Mbps during Q2 2023. Upload speeds were more similar during the same time period with Starlink at 13.72 Mbps and the aggregate of all fixed broadband providers combined at 10.60 Mbps. Starlink did have a marginally higher multi-server latency at 55.88 ms to 50.26 ms during Q2 2023.

In Rwanda, median download speeds were a little closer with Starlink recording a median download speed at 63.10 Mbps in Q2 2023 compared to the aggregate of all fixed broadband providers combined at 34.55 Mbps. Starlink trailed behind for median upload speed at 6.88 Mbps to 10.05 Mbps for fixed broadband providers during Q2 2023. Multi-server latency for Starlink was much higher at 320.45 ms to 29.04 ms for fixed broadband providers during the same time period.

The 2023 space revolution is off to a huge start

Here are some major updates about what’s next for various different satellite competitors:

After delays, Amazon’s Project Kuiper aim to launch prototype satellites this fall

Facing a series of rocket-related delays, Amazon recently announced it could send its first two Project Kuiper prototypes into orbit in late September. That news follows a recently announced $120 million 100,000-square-foot satellite processing facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Planning on offering internet service in 2025, Amazon is slated to have half of its 3,236 LEO satellite constellation in space by 2026.

China’s grand ambitions to provide internet connectivity to over 362 million people

According to the Wall Street Journal, over 362 million people in China don’t have access to the internet — which is about 1 in every 4 people in China, a large portion of which live in rural or remote communities. In order to overcome that connectivity gap, China is looking to the sky to create its own satellite constellation with potentially over 12,000 satellites. China’s biggest gap seems to be with recreating the success of SpaceX’s reusable rockets — however, initial tests are far underway and a host of reusable rockets are slated for test launches in 2024. 

SpaceX’s Starlink service offerings are about to rapidly expand

While Starlink continues to lead among satellite providers in most areas of the world, their expansion is only starting. Looking at the Starlink availability map, Starlink has an incredibly busy rest of 2023 and 2024 in Africa, Asia, and South America — and they’re marking their intent to expand into most of the world. That comes as Starlink marked launching over 5,000 satellites into space at the end of August. With some wiley entrepreneurs already renting out their Starlink “Dishy McFlatfaces” to vacationers and campers for $25-30 dollars a day, satellite connectivity is truly becoming a full-time gig.

Viasat’s bad luck might affect entire industry

Viasat launched the first of its three long-awaited Viasat-3 arrays — but then their first satellite suffered an antenna anomaly, which prevented a large reflector to deploy that affects whether or not the satellite can operate as intended. While Viasat is rushing to solve the issue, this could ultimately trigger a $420 million insure claim for the loss of the $700 million satellite. With such a high-value loss, this could send ripples through the satellite industry, causing insurance premiums to skyrocket for companies looking to mitigate potential losses through insurance. All of this comes on the heels of acquiring Inmarsat in May for $7.3 billion to expand its satellite arrays and spectrum holdings. We’ll be watching to see whether or not Viasat can find a solution. 

Eutelsat and OneWeb merger imminent, big moves abound

The Eutelsat and OneWeb merger should make competitors take notice — combining satellite networks, expanding enterprise offerings, and competing in emerging markets has big revenue potential — with OneWeb having an already established LEO network of 630 satellites and Eutelsat offering 36 GEO satellites. Of note, OneWeb recently inked a deal with Telstra in Australia to provide satellite backhaul for locations “where satellite backhaul is a preferred or only viable option.” OneWeb is also partnering with the European Space Agency to develop a next-gen 5G beam-hopping satellite, which could quickly increase connectivity for people traveling or for disaster areas that need emergency connectivity. Shareholders are set to vote on approving the merger on Sept. 28.

European Union greenlights multi-orbit constellation

With grand ambitions to launch a multi-orbit, €6 billion constellation in 2024, the European Union is partnering with a consortium of industry players including Airbus, SES, Eutelsat, Hispasat, and Thales to develop the EU’s IRIS² project. The EU still expects to have the first of its satellites go live by the end of 2024 and have a fully operational constellation by 2027.

HughesNet aiming to launch Jupiter 3 array in Q2 2023

HughesNet successfully launched its Jupiter 3 array on July 29, which aims to provide U.S. and Latin America consumers with higher broadband download speeds. While the actual satellite will take some time to reach its geosynchronous orbit and deploy, this satellite adds 500 Gbps of Ka-band capacity for HughesNet, which could see consumers reaching download speeds between 50 Mbps and 100 Mbps. We’ll be eagerly awaiting Speedtest® results from HughesNet’s Jupiter 3 array.

Ookla will continue monitoring new satellite internet developments

2023 continues to be an important year for satellite internet providers. Satellite connectivity is something we’ll be watching closely and we’ll continue our series next quarter with Q3 2023 data from select continents including North America. In the meantime, be sure to download the Speedtest app for Windows and Mac computers or for iOS or Android for devices and see how your satellite internet stacks up to our results.

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.

| September 8, 2021

Despite All Odds, Global Internet Speeds Continue Impressive Increase


“A lot has changed” we wrote in our 2019 global roundup of internet speeds based on the Speedtest Global Index. Little did we know how much was about to change. But two things remain the same: the internet is getting faster and the Speedtest Global Index is still a fantastic resource for tracking improvements on a global and country level (if we do say so ourselves). Today we’re taking a look back at how much internet speeds have increased over the past four years and which countries have seen some of the largest gains.

Mobile download speed jumped 59.5% over the last year globally, fixed broadband up 31.9%

The global mean of download speeds improved over the last 12 months on both mobile and fixed broadband to 55.07 Mbps and 107.50 Mbps, respectively, in July 2021. Mobile saw an increase of 59.5% when comparing July 2020 to July 2021 and fixed broadband saw an increase of 31.9%, according to the Speedtest Global Index.

ookla_global-index_world-speeds_0921-1

Looking further back, mean download speed over mobile was 98.9% faster in July 2021 than in July 2019, 141.4% faster when comparing July 2021 to July 2018, and 194.0% faster when comparing July 2021 to June 2017, the month we began tracking speeds on the Speedtest Global Index. Over the last two years there were only two months when the global average for mobile download speed did not show an upward slope: February and March 2020. Speeds began increasing again in April 2020, but did not recover to pre-February levels until May 2020. This coincides with initial lockdowns due to COVID-19 in many countries.

On fixed broadband, mean download speed was 68.2% faster in July 2021 than in July 2019, 131.3% faster in July 2021 than in July 2018, and 196.1% faster in July 2021 than in June 2017. There was a similar dip in download speed over fixed broadband in March of 2020 as we saw on mobile. The speed increased again in April 2020 but did not recover to a pre-March level until April 2020.

Top 10 rankings are somewhat constant over three years, U.S. and Canada slip off in 2021

There has been surprising parity of which countries continue to occupy the top 10 spots on the Speedtest Global Index in July of each year. However, the lists for mobile and fixed broadband are radically different, with only one country (South Korea) showing up on both lists in 2021.

ookla_fastest-countries_mobile_0921

The United Arab Emirates and South Korea maintain their first and second place rankings for mobile in both 2020 and 2021 and China and Qatar merely flip-flop for third and fourth place. It’s interesting to see Australia and Canada decline in the rankings although their speeds have increased dramatically during the past three years. 5G is shifting mobile rankings where even countries with 5G (which few countries had in 2019) need a strong 5G focus to maintain their presence at the top of the list lest they be outpaced by other countries with larger investments in 5G.

ookla_fastest-countries_fixed_0921

The fixed broadband rankings are more dynamic than those on mobile. Monaco traveled up and down the top 10 from sixth place in 2019 to 10th in 2020 to first place in 2021. Singapore ranked first or second in all three years and Hong Kong (SAR) was in the top four. Romania was solidly in fifth place while South Korea dropped lower in the ranking every year. Chile and Denmark both debuted in the top 10 in 2021 and the United States dropped off the list.

Most of the top 10 countries perform well for fixed and mobile

We were curious to see if countries that made the top 10 in July 2021 for either mobile or fixed broadband were also performing well on the other medium, so we plotted the percentage difference from the global average for mobile download speed against download speed on fixed broadband. Note that the global average increased between 2020 and 2021 and that Liechtenstein and Monaco are not included in this comparison as they did not have sufficient samples to be listed on both axes.

2020/2021 chart of leading country performance again global averages

Most countries that made the top 10 in July 2021 for either mobile or fixed broadband were performing well over the global average for both at that point in time. South Korea and the U.A.E. stood out with mean mobile download speeds that were more than 240% faster than the global average and fixed broadband downloads that were more than 70% faster than the global average. China’s mobile download speed was more than 180% faster than the global average and the country was more than 70% faster than the global average for fixed broadband. Switzerland’s mobile and fixed broadband download speeds were close to 100% faster than the global average.

Chile and Thailand are in a quadrant that shows both had faster than average fixed broadband download speeds, but their mobile download speeds were slower than the global average in July 2021. Australia, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Saudi Arabia were in the opposite quadrant with faster than average mobile speeds and below average fixed broadband speeds.

Comparing the chart for July 2021 to that of July 2020, we saw a wide variety of outcomes. Countries with increases compared to the global average on mobile and fixed broadband included Australia, Cyprus, Denmark, Hong Kong, Romania and the U.A.E. Chile and Norway showed dramatic increases compared to the global average on fixed broadband and declines on mobile. Bulgaria, China, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Switzerland increased on mobile but showed little change on fixed. South Korea and Qatar increased on mobile compared to the global average and declined on fixed. Singapore and Thailand declined on both mobile and fixed broadband compared to the global average.

We’re interested to see how global speeds and rankings change over time as individual countries and their providers choose to invest in different technologies. Track your country’s performance using monthly updates on the Speedtest Global Index. Check the Ookla 5G Map for up-to-date information on 5G deployments where you live, and if you want more in-depth analyses, subscribe to Ookla Research.

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.

| February 16, 2023

Spectrum: An Essential Ingredient to Ensure Good 5G Performance

We have recently written about 5G performance at length, ranked the countries, looked at operators’ 5G strategies, and even commented on consumers’ perception of 5G performance. Most recently, we commented on the state of the worldwide 5G in 2022 and the fastest 5G mobile devices. This article will examine the relationship between spectrum and 5G performance.

Key takeaways:

  • Based on Speedtest Intelligence® data, we can see a significant variance between countries in median 5G speed, with four broad clusters of 5G performance emerging: 5G Leaders, High Performers, Improvers, and 5G Outliers. 
  • 5G performance depends heavily on the operator’s 5G spectrum holding.
  • The larger the allocation of the C-band spectrum, the faster the 5G download speed, with the contiguous spectrum enhancing performance further. 
  • Operators with access to 100 MHz of contiguous spectrum, e.g., in the U.A.E. and South Korea, led the 5G global ranking in Q4 2022 with a median download speed of 516.15 Mbps and 511.70 Mbps, respectively.
  • Access to low-band spectrum is just one factor that impacts 5G Availability. 

Four tiers of 5G performance 

Looking at market-level Speedtest Intelligence data, we can see significant variance in median 5G download speeds between the 52 countries we analyzed. We identified four broad clusters of 5G performance as measured by median 5G download speed.

chart of 5g performance clusers basd on median 5g download speed across a sample of countries5G Leaders: > 300 Mbps

These markets are the 5G pioneers, being among the first to launch 5G services, and are continually pushing the boundaries of 5G performance with median download speeds typically greater than 300 Mbps. High-performant 5G markets have allocated substantial amounts of spectrum for 5G use, particularly with wide allocations in the coveted C-band, and have assigned and, in some cases, begun limited use of mmWave spectrum. In some cases, we see a trade-off between 5G performance and 5G Availability (the proportion of time users with 5G capable devices spend connected to 5G networks).

5G High Performers: 200 – 300 Mbps

These markets share many of the characteristics of 5G leaders, having made an adequate spectrum allocation for 5G use and fostered competition between operators, which has helped spur network investment. However, they lag behind 5G Leaders based on their level of network densification. They typically use Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS), which allows operators to share spectrum between network generations, but it can weigh on performance. Median 5G download performance in these markets typically ranges from 200 Mbps to 300 Mbps. We don’t generally see as much of a trade-off between performance and 5G Availability in these markets. 

5G Improvers: < 200 Mbps

These markets typically have limited C-band availability or a regulatory environment promoting strong price competition, with operator investment constrained. As a result,  median 5G download speeds are between 100- 200 Mbps in these markets. In some cases — for example, in the U.S. and U.K., we see 5G spectrum allocations (based on spectrum currently in use) giving a significant advantage to one player in the market, which has then sought to capitalize on this through aggressive 5G network deployment. Furthermore, with the exception of the U.S., which had a 5G Availability of 56.0% in Q4 2022, 5G Improvers all have 5G Availability in the low double digits, ranging from 13.5% in Japan to 19.2% in Germany. 

5G Outliers

Only in a few markets did 5G performance drop below 100 Mbps. Polish performance can be explained by the lack of a dedicated 5G spectrum; Polkomtel trading under the Plus brand, utilizing 50 MHz of spectrum in the 2.6 GHz band, and all other operators deploying 5G using DSS in the 2.1 GHz spectrum band. Spain, on the other hand, has assigned spectrum across all three bands, with C-band blocks ranging from 80MHz (MasMovil) to 110 MHz (Orange), and most recently, awarded mmWave too. However, operators focus on meeting coverage obligations that rely heavily on the 700 MHz band. For example, Movistar’s 5G network reached a total of 1,719 municipalities at the end of 2022, equivalent to 83% of the population. 

Fast 5G and good 5G Availability don’t always go hand in hand  

chart of medan 5g and availability in select markets

Using Speedtest Intelligence data, we examined a relationship between the country’s 5G median download speed and 5G Availability. And for the most part, there isn’t one. Fast networks don’t immediately come with high 5G Availability. For example, the U.A.E. and South Korea have topped our ranking in terms of the fastest median download speed over 5G at 549.70 Mbps and 496.63 Mbps, respectively, during Q4 2022. Yet, when it comes to 5G Availability, the U.S. came first in the ranking at 56.0% in Q4 2022, South Korea’s 5G Availability stood at 35.1%, while the U.A.E recorded a 5G Availability of 7.7% in Q4 2022. 

All eyes on spectrum

The key to understanding 5G is understanding operators’ 5G spectrum holding. There are two key considerations to keep in mind when discussing the spectrum for 5G: speed performance and geographical coverage. Regulators assign 5G spectrum across three spectrum ranges: low, mid (lower mid-band and upper/C-band), and high (mmWave).

Low-band (sub-1GHz) spectrum can travel farther, cover a greater geographical region, and provide deeper penetration within buildings, given its good propagation characteristics. But, the low band spectrum cannot deliver “true” 5G speeds, peaking at 100 Mbps median download speed. Another challenge is that these frequency bands are in high demand and in low supply, and in some countries, still used for analog television. 

Mid-band spectrum (1-6 GHz spectrum) is the so-called “sweet spot” for 5G, especially the upper mid-band (C-band), which offers the best of both worlds in terms of coverage and capacity.

Existing networks such as 2G, 3G, and 4G already use the lower mid-band. This spectrum band has been the 4G data traffic capacity layer, often used in Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode. FDD is a technique that uses separate frequency bands at the transmitter and receiver sides. For example, the U.S. and China used the 2.6 GHz spectrum band in Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode to drive their 5G deployment. Most counties will use TDD for 5G network rollout. This means that the 5G base station and end-user device use the same channel to transmit simultaneously, potentially creating interference issues while allowing more flexibility. Furthermore, this spectrum band will grow in importance as legacy networks are retired and spectrum refarmed.

The upper mid-band, especially 3.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz (otherwise known as C-band), offers a good combination of propagation and capacity. 3GPP standards currently support a 100 MHz wide channel and a maximum bandwidth of 400 MHz in carrier aggregation mode.

The high band, also called the millimeter wave (mmWave), spectrum can deliver super-fast speeds (thinking gigabits) but has limited range. Recently we published an article looking at the mmWave performance and recent developments.

Using Speedtest Intelligence background data, we can gain insights into which spectrum bands operators use for 5G. 

chart of spectrum band distribution

  • High band (mmWave) accounted for less than 1% of the scans in four countries: Japan, U.S., Qatar, and Australia.
  • Most countries used the mid-band spectrum.
    • C-band spectrum is used by all countries that have allocated it (21 out of 23 countries), with a notable exception of the Netherlands and Poland, which will finally auction the 3.5 GHz spectrum, set to take place in the summer of 2023. 
    • All countries we have analyzed, bar South Korea, use lower mid-band partially due to operators switching off their legacy networks (2G/3G) and refarming their existing spectrum holdings to support 5G networks rollout.
  • Low band was used by 78% of analyzed countries (18 out of 23) across our sample. 

Addressing spectral challenges via DSS and CA comes at a cost

The ITU minimum technical requirements to meet 5G performance requirements identify at least 100 MHz channel per operator and up to 1 GHz per operator in mmWave bands. This, however, is only sometimes the case. We can see imbalances in terms of operators’ performance within a country, which can be partially explained by having larger spectral resources. For example, Three UK benefited from having the largest, dedicated 5G spectrum — 140 MHz of frequency across several 5G spectrum bands, including a 100 MHz block of continuous spectrum in the 3.3-3.8 GHz band, which positions it well in terms of median download speeds compared to other U.K. operators.

In the absence of a dedicated 5G spectrum or to supplement the existing spectrum, operators can use two technologies to aid their 5G deployment: Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) and Carrier Aggregation (CA). DSS enables operators to allocate spectrum flexibly across low-, mid-, and high-bands and switch between LTE and 5G New Radio depending on network demand. However, there is a downside to that in terms of 5G performance. For example, in Poland, apart from Plus, all other operators deployed 5G using DSS in the 2.1 GHz spectrum band, which can partially explain why they have lower speeds.

Conversely, CA enables operators to use two or more bands together, integrating them as one big block to deploy 5G. This allows for the aggregation of non-contiguous spectrum blocks, but it impacts performance by introducing latency and signaling overhead. 

Access to low-band spectrum has a positive impact on 5G Availability, but it is not the only factor at play

chart of 5g availability and the use of low-band spectrum

Ookla® data indicates that 5G coverage, which is often enabled by having access to a dedicated low-band spectrum (600 – 900 MHz), is just one part of the puzzle when it comes to 5G Availability. Low-band (700 MHz) spectrum, initially used for LTE, is now allocated to 5G because it allows extended coverage. According to the GSA, the 700 MHz spectrum band is particularly precious. GSA’s data shows that spectrum at 700 MHz has generated an average of $0.309/MHz/pop in assignments and auctions since 2015, significantly above the average price for C-band. For example, India’s highly anticipated 5G spectrum auction garnered $0.380MH/pop for 700 MHz compared to $0.031/MHz/pop for C-band. 

Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, and the U.A.E. don’t have any 5G devices using low-band spectrum simply because there has been no spectrum assigned in this band to 5G services. During the initial 5G auction in 2016, South Korea’s 700 MHz spectrum remained unsold. 

Other essential aspects driving 5G Availability are the affordability and availability of 5G-capable smartphones, 5G tariffs, and end-user demand. Case in point, despite the lack of low-band spectrum, South Korea reached a 5G Availability of 35.1% in Q4 2022, driven by customer adoption and 5G network densification. According to the Ministry of Science and ICT, in November 2022, there were 27.5 million 5G subscriptions in South Korea, equivalent to 36% of all mobile subscriptions. According to its Communication Agency, there are 215,000 5G base stations, which translates into 319 people per 5G base station, nearly seven times more than the EU and 13 times more than the U.S.

A country’s geography impacts 5G coverage too. For example, in addition to having access to low band spectrum, the Netherlands benefits from being flatter and more densely populated, resulting in a greater ability to expand 5G coverage. 

Another factor at play is the spectrum license conditions that stipulate coverage requirements, for instance, as part of the 700MHz licenses in the Netherlands, there is a minimum speed of 8 Mbps in 98% of the cases in each municipality of the country in 2022.

While the relationship between low-band spectrum and 5G Availability is not a direct one, we wanted to investigate whether there is a link between the median 5G download speed and the C-band spectrum. 

Larger the share of the C-Band spectrum, the faster the 5G download speed

chart of 5g download speed and the use of c-band spectrum

Our analysis found that access to C-band spectrum typically translates into a faster median 5G download speed. Unsurprisingly, operators are keen to deploy 5G services using C-band spectrum. According to GSA, since the end of 2015, 54 countries have auctioned, assigned, or renewed licenses for C-band spectrum. 

All eyes on 5G Leaders

Countries where operators solely rely on the mid-band spectrum for 5G, and where 5G services have been available for more than 13 quarters have achieved over 300 Mbps median download speed in Q4 2022. Bulgaria is an exception, having launched services just over two years ago. We can also conclude that operators’ overall spectrum holding and whether they have access to a contiguous spectrum matters, too. Contiguous spectrum helps achieve faster speeds, lower latency, and improved spectral efficiency. 

U.A.E.: Emirati operators – Etisalat and Du –  use two carrier spectrum in the 3.5 GHz and 2.5 GHz frequency range, each carrier at 100 MHz, to establish a 5G network. This results in speeds exceeding 500 Mbps. The U.A.E. had a median 5G download speed of 511.70 Mbps in Q4 2022. 

South Korea: KT and SKT bought a 100 MHz channel each in 2018. In July 2022, LG+ secured an additional 20 MHz C-band spectrum, bringing its total spectrum holding to 100 MHz. Alongside the 5G spectrum auction, the government outlined the rollout milestones for the operators’ 3.5 GHz rollout: 22,500 base stations by the end of 2021, 45,000 by the end of 2023, and 150,000 at completion. Thanks to that, South Korea has the most base stations per population. South Korea is one of the early adopters of 5G, having commercialized 5G in 2019 and over a third of all mobile subscriptions on 5G. One of the reasons behind South Korea’s fast-paced 5G adoption is the support from the government, which adopted the 2021 action plan for the “Digital New Deal” to support 5G development and a wider digital transformation. 

Qatar: Qatar, clocking a median 5G download speed of 462.15 Mbps and 5G Availability of 50.7% in Q4 2022, delivers the best of the worlds — good speeds and 5G Availability. In November 2022, Qatar’s Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) amended the mobile licenses held by Vodafone Qatar and Ooredoo Qatar in early 2019, authorizing each operator to utilize 100 MHz of C-band spectrum and committing them to roll out commercial 5G networks before the end of 2020 in all densely populated areas. Operators’ heavy investment into their network to achieve near-universal service coverage and incentives to migrate users to 5G networks has paid off. We have closely monitored 5G performance during the recent World Cup. Not only did Qatari 5G networks manage to withstand the additional network load that World Cap brought, but it has also improved in performance, with the median 5G download performance hitting 472.13 Mbps in November 2022. 

Saudi Arabia: Operators in the KSA have access to more than 1000 MHz of licensed spectrum for IMT use in the low- and mid-band ranges. Saudi regulator – CST (Communication, Space and Technology Commission) – championed data-driven, evidence-based policy decisions to enable a 5G rollout by conducting analysis of spectrum usage, the performance of various bands, and existing network infrastructure to see where investments had been made within certain bands (e.g., extra capacity in specific bands in urban areas and coverage of rural areas using adequate bands). If you would like to find out more, read this case study

Bulgaria: In April 2021, Vivacom Bulgaria won 100 MHz in the 3.7-3.8 GHz band for BGN4.6 million (€2.35 million). Vivacom utilizes DSS, combining frequencies in 1.8, 2.1, and 3.6 GHz bands for 5G. A1 Bulgaria, on the other hand, uses a dedicated 100 MHz band.

We will continue to monitor 5G performance across the world and investigate the factors that impact 5G performance. If you want to learn more about 5G performance, head to Ookla ResearchTM and subscribe to our newsletter to stay up to date with our latest analyses. 

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.

| May 23, 2023

U.S. Airports Have Fastest Free Airport Wi-Fi, Chinese Airports Have Faster Mobile

The summer travel season is about to officially begin across the northern hemisphere and we’re back with fresh data for our series on airport Wi-Fi performance. This year we examined mobile Wi-Fi on free Wi-Fi provided by the individual airports as well as mobile speeds at some of the busiest airports in the world during Q1 2023. While airports in the United States top the list of fastest free airport Wi-Fi, the fastest mobile speeds we saw were in China. Read on for a specific look at internet performance including: download speed, upload speed, and latency.

U.S. airports have fastest airport Wi-Fi

Speedtest Intelligence® showed two U.S. airports at the top of the list for free airport Wi-Fi with Fort Lauderdale’s Hollywood International Airport Terminal 3 and San Francisco International Airport showing median download speeds of 157.60 Mbps and 156.66 Mbps, respectively, during Q1 2023. This represented a small drop for SFO since our November analysis but an increase for FLL. Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (143.42 Mbps), John F. Kennedy International Airport (136.06 Mbps), and Seattle–Tacoma International Airport (136.02 Mbps) rounded out the top five with three additional SSIDs from FLL following closely behind with median download speeds from 122.07 Mbps to 134.62 Mbps.

Chart of Mobile Internet Performance Over Free Wi-Fi at Select Airports

As we’ve seen in most recent analyses, the airports with the fastest Wi-Fi are international hubs that passengers from around the world pass through on their way to all kinds of destinations. If you are connecting through any of these airports, you should have no trouble with internet speeds this fast. In case of video calls, upload speeds are even faster than downloads at almost all of these airports, and SFO had the fastest uploads on the list.

Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport and SEA had the lowest median multi-server latency on Wi-Fi of any of the airports surveyed during Q1 2023. This means your device should see very little delay when relaying information across the web.

Shanghai tops Wi-Fi performance at global airports

Shanghai Pudong International Airport was the fastest non-U.S. airport on our list with a fastest median download speed of 118.67 Mbps. Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris (98.82 Mbps), Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (82.83 Mbps), Dubai International Airport (67.21 Mbps), and Frankfurt Airport (59.10 Mbps) followed for median download speeds at non-U.S. airports. All of these airports have internet speeds that qualify as at least good, which means you should be okay unless you want to try multi-player gaming (which is probably not your first choice on an airport layover anyway). Both Mexican airports on our list showed speeds in the slow range, so log off early and enjoy your vacation if you’re at the airport in Cancún or Mexico City.

Chinese airports have fastest mobile speeds

Get ready to connect to local mobile service or tether your phone to your laptop if you’re traveling through airports in Shanghai and Beijing and have access to 5G. Not only did Shanghai Pudong International Airport, Beijing Capital International Airport, and Beijing Daxing International Airport have the fastest median downloads over mobile on our list at 308.51 Mbps, 304.87 Mbps, and 300.70 Mbps, respectively, during Q1 2023 — the mobile speeds at these airports were dramatically faster than the airport Wi-Fi. Salt Lake City International Airport (282.21 Mbps) and Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport (259.86 Mbps) rounded out the top five.

Chart of Mobile Network Performance at Select Airports

While latency on mobile was generally higher than that on Wi-Fi, these same three Chinese airports (PEK, PKX, and PVG) also showed the lowest median multi-server latency on mobile during Q1 2023, indicating that your internet experience at these airports will have the least lag. Airports outside the U.S. performed better for latency overall with the top 16 airports for latency all located outside North America. CUN had the highest latency on mobile.

We were able to include more airports in the mobile analysis because there were more mobile samples to analyze at those airports than there were samples over Wi-Fi.

Airport Wi-Fi or mobile? Connecting on your next trip

Save yourself time by using this checklist to decide whether to try out the Wi-Fi or simply use the local mobile network. We compared internet performance on free airport Wi-Fi with median download speeds over mobile for the 38 airports we have both Wi-Fi and mobile data for during Q1 2023. Twenty-one airports had faster mobile internet than airport Wi-Fi. Twelve airports had faster Wi-Fi than mobile, and four airports showed only a slight distinction between Wi-Fi and mobile so we gave both the green check marks.

Chart Comparing Airport Wi-Fi and Mobile Speeds at Select Airports

Airport Wi-Fi has come a long way since we started this series in 2017. We hope your connections are smooth and if you’re traveling this summer, take a Speedtest® at the airport to see how your experience compares.

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.

| May 18, 2022

Four U.S. Airports Top Our List of Fastest Free Airport Wi-Fi

The COVID-19 pandemic upended a lot of travel plans and put our series on airport Wi-Fi on hold. We’re excited to get back in the swing of things in time for the summer travel season, and we have fresh data for you on Wi-Fi speeds at some of the busiest airports in the world during Q1 2022. Our analysis focuses on Wi-Fi over mobile connections on free Wi-Fi provided by the individual airports and Wi-Fi at selected airport lounges. The good news is that every airport surveyed met the recommended speed for streaming on mobile. However, there was a large divide between the fastest airports on the list and the slowest.

Mobile Internet Speeds Over Free Wi-Fi at Select Airports

Speedtest Intelligence® showed four airports in the United States at the top of the list for free airport Wi-Fi. San Francisco International Airport showed a median download speed of 176.25 Mbps during Q1 2022, Seattle-Tacoma International Airport 171.01 Mbps, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport 113.64 Mbps, and Chicago O’Hare International Airport 85.49 Mbps. Dubai International Airport, Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, and Los Angeles International Airport followed. All of these airports are international hubs that passengers from around the world pass through on their way to all kinds of destinations. Flyers waiting for connecting planes at these airports should have no trouble with internet speeds. In case of video calls, upload speeds are even faster than downloads at all of these airports, and San Francisco and SeaTac had the fastest uploads on the list. There is a wide gap in median speeds between the free airport Wi-Fi at Los Angeles International Airport and the rest of the airports on our list.

Denver International has their Wi-Fi split between two SSIDs that serve different spectrum bands, both of which showed median download speeds between 44 and 46 Mbps. Connecting to the 5 GHz “- DEN Airport Free WiFi” will get you a faster median upload speed than “DEN Airport Free WiFi 2.4.” Charles de Gaulle also has two different SSIDs for their free airport Wi-Fi though travelers can select either, “*WIFI-AIRPORT” had slightly faster median speeds than “WIFI-AIRPORT-STANDARD.”

Turkey’s Istanbul Airport was next on the list with a median download speed of 31.08 Mbps and a median upload speed of 23.80 Mbps. Spain’s Madrid Barajas Airport was the top of the bottom of our list with a median download speed of 19.76 Mbps over free airport Wi-Fi.

Four of the bottom five airports on our list were in China. Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport was faster than the other Chinese airports on the list with a median download speed of 14.69 Mbps. Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport and Beijing Capital International Airport were next on our list and showed nearly identical median download and upload speeds over free airport Wi-Fi. Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport showed slightly slower download and upload speeds than both. Mexico City International Airport in Mexico had the slowest median download and upload speeds over free airport Wi-Fi of any airport on this list.

Wi-Fi in airport lounges is often faster than free airport Wi-Fi

Free Wi-Fi is very nice to have for catching up on your life back home or reliving the glory of your vacation pics as you upload them to your social media accounts, but if you’re looking for the fastest Wi-Fi in an airport, you may want to look into other options. In many cases we found that airport lounges had faster Wi-Fi, like the United Club in Chicago and San Francisco which boasted median download speeds of 246.17 Mbps and 244.37 Mbps, respectively, during Q1 2022. The fastest club Wi-Fi download speed at LAX was at the Alaska Lounge (238.59 Mbps).

Outside the U.S., Wi-Fi speeds at airport lounges ranged dramatically. The following lounges all showed faster median download speeds than the free Wi-Fi at their respective airports during Q1 2022: the Plaza Premium Lounge in Dubai (148.96 Mbps), the Grand Lounge Elite in Mexico City (125.12 Mbps), Privium at Amsterdam’s Schiphol (121.05 Mbps), the Emirates Lounge at Paris’ Charles de Gaulle (93.31 Mbps), and the Sala VIP Puerta de Alcalá in Madrid (50.28 Mbps).

This stronger performance at airport lounges should be expected because it’s much easier to configure Wi-Fi over a small area like a single airport lounge than it is to serve an entire airport with multiple terminals. Patrons of airport lounges are also paying for the privilege, whether by the day or the year, so their expectations are higher. We did not always find this to be the case, however, so take a Speedtest® if you feel like you are not getting what you are paying for.

We were glad to see that travelers at all these airports have fast enough Wi-Fi to stream video on mobile and that there are other options available for those who need faster internet. Airports have had a lot to focus on in the last couple of years and Wi-Fi was not at the top of the list. We hope that will change as passenger volumes return to normal. If you’re traveling this summer, take a Speedtest at the airport to see how your experience compares.

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.

| October 23, 2023

A Reality Check on the Progress toward a Gigabit Society

The European Commission has set forth an ambitious goal of achieving a Digital Decade 2030 strategy, also known as the Digital Compass. The aim is to expedite the digital transformation of Member States by 2030. One of the primary objectives of this strategy is to improve digital connectivity, which will be measured through specific targets such as 100 Mbps services by 2025 and gigabit coverage to all EU households by 2030. In this article, we will discuss the progress made so far, the disparities in user experience, and the challenges that need to be addressed to achieve Europe’s connectivity goals.

Key messages 

  • Digital Decade Ambition: The ambitious goals of the EU’s Digital Decade strategy are indeed lofty. Broadband services might promise speeds in excess of 1 Gbps, but the reality is that users rarely experience that level of speed. However, while the gap between advertised speeds and actual speeds for gigabit services is wide, speeds approaching 100 Mbps are far more common. 
  • Median Download Speeds and Infrastructure Development: Several European countries are making substantial progress in offering high-speed broadband. Denmark, Spain, France, and Romania have notably fast median download speeds, primarily due to their fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) infrastructure investments. The type of broadband technology used in those countries (and others) significantly influences the gap between download and upload speeds, with fiber-based networks showing more balanced speeds.
  • AltNets Drive Fiber Adoption: Alternative network providers (AltNets) play a vital role in accelerating fiber adoption and addressing challenges mainstream ISPs face. Their role varies across countries and regions.
  • Take-up rates remain a challenge: With the completion of fiber rollout in several countries, the focus has now shifted towards promoting fiber subscriptions. However, there are challenges that persist, such as consumer reluctance and the need for incentives. A survey conducted in rural France revealed that 42% of the respondents found their current internet sufficient, while 37% said that they would be encouraged to upgrade if offered incentives.

You can also register for our November 8 webinar, where a panel of industry experts will discuss how Europe can accelerate the expansion of gigabit-capable infrastructure. Register now

On the road to 100 Mbps

Chart of Percentage of Households Subscribing to Fixed Broadband of at Least 1 Mbps and Proportion of Users that Achieved 100 Mbps

The European Commission aims to ensure that all European households, businesses, and public institutions should have access to “high internet speeds” of at least 100 Mbps by year-end 2025. The EU is showing progress in terms of achieving that target. According to Broadband Coverage in Europe 2022, 86.6% of EU households were within 100 Mbps + coverage, meaning they had access to broadband services capable of providing at least 100 Mbps download speeds. 

While having networks available does not automatically equate to real penetration or adoption rates, it is an important prerequisite. Physical accessibility to network services is a vital first step before actual usage, which is influenced by factors such as affordability, awareness, and the perceived need for the service.

According to the Digital Economy and Society Index DESI 2023 dashboard for the Digital Decade, 55.08% of EU households had already subscribed to fixed broadband services with internet speeds of at least 100 Mbps. While this rate of subscribers is significant and an indicator of the EC’s ongoing progress, the region is still far from achieving its goal of universal, 100 Mbps coverage by 2025. Some countries like Spain, Sweden, and Romania, where over 80% of households subscribe to broadband exceeding 100 Mbps, have already made significant progress in terms of fiber coverage. 

However, in those countries, there is a significant gap between what households subscribe to and what we see from Ookla® data in terms of users actually experiencing speeds above 100 Mbps. Netherlands, France, and Germany are the outliers where we see more users having “high internet speeds” compared to the speeds advertised in their broadband subscription package. This is particularly interesting because Germany still heavily relies on VDSL for high-speed access technologies. Still, there is a significant amount of work to be done before countries can deliver on their strategies to achieve the 100 Mbps target.

Chart of Fibre to the Premise Coverage as Percentage of Households

The EC’s goal of gigabit connectivity is certainly one of the driving forces behind the rollout of fiber networks in the region. So far, progress is mixed across the region in terms of fiber network rollouts and adoption. As we have discussed, regulatory incentives propel the move to fiber. For example, Romania has one of the highest Fiber to the Home/ Building (FTTP/B) penetration rates across the region — nearly 97.7% of households — which is partially driven by government-backed fixed infrastructure projects such as RoNet, and the special attention given to rural and disadvantaged areas. Portugal, which already scored high on fiber coverage, plans to launch an international public tender by the end of 2023 for a project to cover all underserved areas with fiber-optic networks to boost fiber penetration further.

The reality of gigabit speeds 

The European Commission’s Digital Decade 2030 strategy seeks to extend gigabit (1 Gbps) connectivity to every European Union household by 2030. To track the progress of these objectives, the DESI plays a crucial role in tracking EC’s progress. Only 56% of households in the EU have access to the necessary fiber networks for gigabit connectivity, and the take-up rate (proportion of households that subscribe to fiber) is even lower. According to the DESI 2023 dashboard for the Digital Decade, 13.76% of households in the European Union have subscribed to fixed broadband with at least 1 Gbps as of 2022. Nevertheless, there is a significant disparity in these percentages across different EU nations. For instance, only five countries surpassed the EU value – France leading with 39.94%, Hungary second at 29.81%, followed by Romania at 23.35%, Denmark at 18.66%, and Spain at 14.57%.

Chart of Percentage of Households Subscribing to Fixed Broadband of at Least 1 Gbps

Looking at this data one might believe that many European households have access to Gigabit internet speeds. However, the reality is different as not all of them genuinely experience such high speeds. In fact, the proportion of Speedtest® users registering median download speeds of at least 1 Gbps in many countries is quite low. For example, France only had 1.42%, Hungary at 0.54%, Romania at 0.1%, Denmark at 0.03%, and Spain at 0.27%. 

The significant gap between expectations and reality underscores the importance of not only rolling out gigabit-capable networks but also stimulating demand for those services. Service providers also need to pay attention to home networking equipment. Our research has shown that in markets where legacy broadband technology (such as DSL or coax cable) is being replaced by advanced cable and fiber connections, Wi-Fi performance can lag behind ethernet. Wi-Fi speeds typically range from 30-40% of ethernet, indicating a need to accelerate the adoption of more advanced Wi-Fi technologies and optimize the home network environment.

Median download and upload disparities

Median speeds are a standard metric for measuring performance, but there’s more to the story for the end-user experience. Access technology, be it DSL, cable, or fiber, as well as customer premises equipment and end-user devices, significantly influence the user experience. In our recent article, we highlighted how the persistent use of legacy and underperforming Wi-Fi standards in home networks can hamper efforts to provide the best network experience to customers despite progress in terms of fiber rollout and adoption.

Median Download and Upload Speed across a Sample of European Countries

According to Speedtest Intelligence® in Q3 2023, across Europe, Denmark had the fastest median download speed for fixed broadband (196.43 Mbps), followed by Spain (176.08 Mbps), France (170.51 Mbps), and Romania (166.39 Mbps). Notably, several of those countries have a substantial gap between median download and upload speeds. The type of broadband technology implemented can heavily influence the divergence between download and upload performance. Nations still reliant on DSL and cable often exhibit lower median upload speeds and a wider gap between upload and download speeds. On one hand, the UK and Germany lag behind other countries in broadband infrastructure upgrades due to their reliance on copper-based technologies and cable networks and are at the tail end of the ranking. 

On the other hand, Sweden, with a 63% Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) penetration rate in 2022, has the narrowest gap between download and upload speeds. Forward-thinking broadband infrastructure and significant municipal involvement have positioned Sweden to reach the EC’s goals in the coming years. France, Spain, Denmark, Romania, and Portugal are also making significant progress toward achieving full-fiber coverage, with France expecting a full-fiber rollout by 2025. As fiber broadband adoption increases, the gap between download and upload speeds will narrow, mainly because fiber subscriptions are typically offered with symmetrical speeds, where users would experience the same level of speed for both download and upload usage. 

However, even when we look at “the best-connected” Speedtest users (those seeing speeds in the top 10th percentile of our results), there’s a wide range of performance. Download speeds ranged between 417.23 Mbps and 844.04 Mbps, while the range for upload speeds was even wider, with median upload speeds ranging from 57.11 Mbps to 599.39 Mbps. 

When looking at speeds at the 10th percentile, only four countries topped 700 Mbps. France led with a top speed of 844.08 Mbps, followed by Hungary at 765.85 Mbps, Denmark at 734.91 Mbps, and Romania at 704.04 Mbps. Notably, three of these countries (Romania, France, and Denmark) also lead in the top 10% of upload speeds, with all three exceeding 500 Mbps. 

While for most countries included in this analysis, top speeds are at least a few hundred Mbps apart, there are a few exceptions. Spain shined bright, with the top 10% of its download and upload speeds closely matched at 611.17 Mbps and 609.17 Mbps, respectively. 

Chart of Top 10% Download and Upload Speed across a Sample of European Countries

Beyond median speeds

To delve deeper into the performance and reliability of internet services across different countries, it can be helpful to look at the expected speed range, i.e., the range of speeds that the majority of users experience. This middle 50% of speeds are captured by the interquartile range, with the lower value of the range, or lower quartile, indicating the bottom 25% of speeds and the upper value of the range, or upper quartile, indicating the top 25% of speeds. Examining Speedtest Intelligence data from Q3 2023, the lower quartile download speed across European countries ranged from 28.15 Mbps to 81.48 Mbps (in other words,, 25% of downloads were below that speed), while upper quartile speeds clocked in between 166.16 Mbps and 441.38 Mbps (i.e., 25% of downloads were above this speed). 

Chart of Distribution of Interquartile Speeds in European Countries, All Providers Combined

Role of AltNets

According to the FTTH Council Europe, alternative operators (AltNets) are playing a significant role in the adoption of fiber in the EU39 region. The EU39 region comprises the EU27, the UK, Iceland, Israel, North Macedonia, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland, Turkey, and 4 CIS other countries. In 2021, around 56% of FTTH/B initiatives were led by AltNets, which marks a shift from 2011 when alternative ISPs had a 71% share, and incumbents accounted for only 21% of initiatives. 

Chart of Number of Active Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and FTTH Share of All Connections

We looked at data from Omdia to determine whether there is a correlation between the number of active ISPs and the speed of the transition to fiber networks measured by FTTH share of all connections. The relationship is not straightforward and varies significantly depending on each country’s competitive landscape and government initiatives. 

Across a number of countries fiber accounts for the majority of subscriptions – Spain comes on top with 81.8%, followed by Romania (81.7%), Sweden (77.5%), and Portugal (62.4%). Spain is a good example of a market that has been migrating to fiber away from copper ahead of the incumbent Telefonica turning off its legacy fixed network in 2024. Furthermore, Spain’s National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC) has simplified its ‘MARCo offer’, making it easier for alternative operators to access Telefonica’s infrastructure to launch their own fiber optic services. 

It is worth noting that countries like the UK and Poland, which have many ISPs, are also leading the way in AltNet-driven fiber initiatives. In our previous article looking at the impact of AltNets in the UK, we concluded that AltNets played an important role. In fact, AltNets provided the top speeds in London, Glasgow, Liverpool, and Manchester, as well as across a number of counties. Public funding has helped facilitate the emergence of fiber ISPs in rural areas where fiber deployment is not commercially viable. Other AltNets like Hyperoptic are already well established, deploying and operating an FTTP network in high-density areas, which connects existing and new multi-dwelling buildings.

Take-up rates come with challenges

As fiber rollout nears completion in some countries, the focus shifts to selling fiber subscriptions to households that are within fiber network coverage. Sweden leads with an 80.1% consumer take-up rate (proportion of households that subscribed to and are actively using fiber-optic broadband services), but Spain, Norway, and France also boast high rates above 70%. 

Chart of FTTP Take-up Rate in European Countries

Sweden was the country that pioneered the open access model for fiber networks to drive competition and contributed to the country’s high fiber broadband penetration rates. Fiberhost, a Polish open-access network provider, is a significant beneficiary of EU funds, with 99% of funding for building the country’s fiber network in white spot areas (areas with limited or no access to high-speed internet).

There also has been notable progress in the wholesale networks market in Europe, some of which look to connect remote and rural areas. The Italian wholesale operator, Open Fiber, is partially funded by the country’s National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), with the goal of connecting the grey areas (where no other operator has plans to develop an NGA network) to gigabit speeds. 

However, challenges persist in convincing consumers to switch to full fiber, even in countries with high take-up rates. For instance, a joint venture by Orange conducted a survey in rural areas of France to understand why households with FTTH access hadn’t upgraded to fiber services. The study revealed that 42% found their current internet sufficient, while 37% said incentives would encourage them to upgrade. Incentives and other initiatives are being implemented to migrate customers onto fiber networks in many countries in the region and across the world. 

Future Initiatives and Investments

Fiber offers superior internet speeds, lower latency, enhanced security, and environmental sustainability – a noteworthy upgrade from copper networks and also a path forward for some cable operators (instead of DOCSIS 4.0). AltNets are making strides in driving fiber deployment across Europe, pushing toward the EC’s ambitious goals of achieving a gigabit society.

Despite progress, obstacles remain in convincing consumers to fully transition to fiber services. Comprehending consumer behavior, promoting fiber benefits, and inspiring initiatives will all play significant roles in this endeavor. Likewise, continued investments must be made to keep Europe on track to attain its connectivity targets

For more insightful updates on Europe’s fiber connectivity status, look forward to the Network X event in October 2023. It’ll offer a live pulse on the latest developments in fiber connectivity. We will continue to follow European countries’ progress toward Gigabit society and monitor its impact on fixed broadband speeds. If you’d like to learn more about internet speeds and speed performance in other markets around the world, visit the Speedtest Global Index™.

You can also register for our upcoming webinar, “Accelerating Europe’s Gigabit Revolution” on Wednesday, November 8 at 9 a.m. CET (GMT+1). A panel of industry experts will come together to discuss how Gigabit Society fits into Europe’s digital transformation strategy and propose strategies to ensure digital access for all. A recording will be provided for registrants who can’t join the live presentation. Register now

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.

| June 28, 2017

Seeking Out the Fastest Free Wi-Fi at European Airports

If Europe is on your travel itinerary this summer, you probably want to know which airports offer free Wi-Fi and whether the service is fast enough for you to handle all of life’s last minute details before jetting across the continent. We took a look at Speedtest data from March through May 2017 from twelve of Europe’s busiest airports to help you find out.

Fastest airport Wi-Fi

It’s a good thing many airports in Europe offer paid Wi-Fi options if you want better speeds, because speeds on the free Wi-Fi everywhere besides Moscow and Munich are slow.

Moscow’s Sheremetyevo International Airport has the fastest free Wi-Fi in Europe, about equal to the mobile Wi-Fi country average in Russia of 27.96 Mbps, although you’ll need a Russian phone number to access the airport Wi-Fi.

Germany’s second busiest airport, Munich, comes in a close second. Both airports have even faster upload speeds than download, so you can spend your layover safely stowing those vacation pics in the cloud. Munich’s Wi-Fi is 36% slower than Germany’s average download speed over mobile Wi-Fi of 37.94 Mbps.

The rest of the airports offer speeds that are much slower than the average mobile Wi-Fi speeds in their respective countries: Spain (42.72 Mbps), the UK (41.98 Mbps), Italy (21.02 Mbps), and the Netherlands (57.07 Mbps).

For comparison, Hong Kong’s International Airport offers free Wi-Fi with an average speed of 8.93 Mbps while the three largest airports in mainland China offer service ranging from 2.40 to 3.72 Mbps. Those are the slowest airports in Asia, read about the fastest.

Oddly, we saw no Speedtest results in Istanbul’s Atatürk Airport or at either of Paris’ two airports on the published free airport Wi-FI SSIDs during the time we surveyed. At both Orly and Charles de Gaulle, though, we did see networks called “*WIFI-AIRPORT”. If those are indeed the free airport Wi-Fi networks, Charles de Gaulle would rank 7th in Europe at 2.33 Mbps and Orly would rank 8th at 2.32 Mbps.

You can help us get accurate speed data for those airports by taking a Speedtest using the airport’s free Wi-Fi.

Fastest airport cell

In cases where you can’t connect to Wi-Fi, you’ll be delighted to find that cellular service in these airports is much, much faster than the Wi-Fi.

Munich Airport has the fastest average download speed on cellular with Rome’s Fiumicino Airport and Istanbul’s Atatürk Airport ranking a very close second and third, respectively. And Istanbul has the fastest average upload speed on cell networks.

In many cases, cellular service at these airports is faster than average speeds in the country as a whole. The airports in Munich, Istanbul, and Moscow are all more than twice as fast as that in their respective countries of Germany (23.05 Mbps), Turkey (29.45 Mbps) and Russia (14.92 Mbps). Cell downloads at Rome’s Fiumincino Airport are 56% faster than Italy’s average of 32.52 Mbps over the same period.

The Spanish and British airports we surveyed offer download speeds that are loosely comparable to the averages in their respective countries: Spain’s average is 28.32 Mbps and the UK’s is 25.92 Mbps. Download speed at Paris’s two airports is harder to summarize with the speed at Charles de Gaulle 27% slower than the country average of 29.08 Mbps while Orly’s downloads coming in 54% slower than the country. And Amsterdam’s Schiphol download speed is only half as fast as that in the Netherlands overall (47.38 Mbps).

If you want to know more, read our full country reports on Germany, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Wi-Fi or cell?

Given those painful Wi-Fi speeds, this is kind of a no-brainer, but we thought you might want to see just how slow the Wi-Fi is at various airports compared to the cellular service.

We omitted data about the Istanbul and Paris airports from these graphs because we can’t verify the Wi-Fi SSIDs, but you get the point: when in doubt in Europe, use cellular service rather than free airport Wi-Fi.

Regional trends

You might be surprised how similar and how different Wi-Fi and cellular service can be at two different airports in the same country or even the same city.

Heathrow vs. Gatwick

The free Wi-Fi at Heathrow and Gatwick is similarly bad but you’ll get faster downloads at Heathrow and slightly faster uploads at Gatwick.

Charles de Gaulle vs. Orly

Wi-Fi downloads at Charles de Gaulle and Orly on the *WIFI-AIRPORT are almost exactly as awfully slow as each other. But on cellular, Charles de Gaulle has significantly faster download and upload speeds.

Barcelona Airport vs. Madrid-Barajas

Barcelona Airport’s slow 5.72 Mbps download speed over Wi-Fi is more than twice as fast as the 2.11 Mbps at Madrid–Barajas Airport. When it comes to cellular, however, Madrid’s downloads are 28% faster and their uploads are 15% faster than those in Barcelona.

Frankfurt Airport vs. Munich Airport

Munich Airport’s Wi-Fi download speed is more than three times faster than Frankfurt’s and Munich’s upload speed is nearly two and a half times faster. Munich also shows an average download speed over cellular that is 67% faster than Frankfurt’s while Munich’s uploads are 59% faster.

If your experience of internet performance at European airports is different than what’s reported here, take a Speedtest on Android or iOS so we can see what you’re experiencing. We’ll be watching for big changes and reporting on them here.

Up next in our fastest airports in the world series, we’ll be looking at internet speeds at the busiest airports in Africa.

Ookla retains ownership of this article including all of the intellectual property rights, data, content graphs and analysis. This article may not be quoted, reproduced, distributed or published for any commercial purpose without prior consent. Members of the press and others using the findings in this article for non-commercial purposes are welcome to publicly share and link to report information with attribution to Ookla.